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Questions and Answers
Which institution is responsible for research on coconut in Kasargode, Kerala?
Which institution is responsible for research on coconut in Kasargode, Kerala?
What is the total area of plantation crops in India based on the provided information?
What is the total area of plantation crops in India based on the provided information?
Where is the Tea Research Institute located according to the text?
Where is the Tea Research Institute located according to the text?
Which crop is researched by the Central Coffee Research Institute in Balehonnur, Karnataka?
Which crop is researched by the Central Coffee Research Institute in Balehonnur, Karnataka?
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Which state hosts the Directorate of Cashew Research according to the text?
Which state hosts the Directorate of Cashew Research according to the text?
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What is the total employment provided by the tea industry and cashew processing factories combined?
What is the total employment provided by the tea industry and cashew processing factories combined?
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Which industry uses coconut husk to produce coir fiber?
Which industry uses coconut husk to produce coir fiber?
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Which type of crops provide year-round gainful employment on the farm and factories?
Which type of crops provide year-round gainful employment on the farm and factories?
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Where is there ample scope for expansion of area in plantation crops according to the text?
Where is there ample scope for expansion of area in plantation crops according to the text?
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Where does the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute (CPCRI) mentioned in the text located?
Where does the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute (CPCRI) mentioned in the text located?
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What percentage of total agricultural commodities comes from the export of plantation crops?
What percentage of total agricultural commodities comes from the export of plantation crops?
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Which type of crops are mainly consumed directly in fresh form?
Which type of crops are mainly consumed directly in fresh form?
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How do tea and cashew plantations help protect the land?
How do tea and cashew plantations help protect the land?
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What is the main difference between the necessity of training and pruning in plantation crops compared to fruit crops?
What is the main difference between the necessity of training and pruning in plantation crops compared to fruit crops?
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What does cashew cultivation provide employment for?
What does cashew cultivation provide employment for?
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Which type of crops have comparatively higher export potential mentioned in the text?
Which type of crops have comparatively higher export potential mentioned in the text?
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What is a characteristic feature of fruit crops mentioned in the text regarding perishability?
What is a characteristic feature of fruit crops mentioned in the text regarding perishability?
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What defines plantation crops?
What defines plantation crops?
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Why is the adoption of intensive cultivation hindered in the plantation crop sector in India?
Why is the adoption of intensive cultivation hindered in the plantation crop sector in India?
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What percentage of total export earnings do plantation crops contribute to the Indian economy?
What percentage of total export earnings do plantation crops contribute to the Indian economy?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a plantation crop in the text?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a plantation crop in the text?
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What percentage of growers have holdings below ten hectares in the case of coffee cultivation?
What percentage of growers have holdings below ten hectares in the case of coffee cultivation?
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Which country leads in the total production share of tea among the plantation crops?
Which country leads in the total production share of tea among the plantation crops?
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Study Notes
Plantation Crops
- Plantation crops refer to crops cultivated on a large scale in a contiguous area, owned and managed by an individual or company, including tea, coffee, rubber, cocoa, coconut, arecanut, oil palm, palmyrah, cashew, and cinchona.
- These crops are high-value commercial crops of greater economic importance and play a vital role in the Indian economy.
Characteristics of Plantation Crops
- Major portion of the area is of small holdings (except tea), which hinders the adoption of intensive cultivation.
- In coffee, 97.13% of growers have holdings below ten hectares, and in rubber, 82% of the total area is of small holdings with an average size of 0.5 ha.
Importance of Plantation Crops
- Contribute to national economy by way of export earnings, accounting for around 27% of total agricultural commodities and 4.8% of total export.
- India is the leading country in the total production of certain plantation crops in the world, such as tea, cashew, and arecanut.
- Provide direct and indirect employment to many millions of people, for example, the tea industry offers direct employment to 10 lakhs and indirect employment to 10 lakh people.
- Support many by-product industries and rural industries, for example, coconut husk is used to produce coir fiber annually to a tune of 2,19,600 tones in India.
- Help conserve the soil and ecosystem, for example, tea planted in hill slopes and cashew in barren and waste lands protect the land from soil erosion.
Scope for Plantation Crops
- Expansion in non-traditional areas, such as North Eastern States, where there is irrigation potential.
- Export potential, as plantation crops earn foreign exchange, and products and by-products have export prospects and considerable internal demand.
- Employment generation, as cultivation of plantation crops provides year-round gainful employment on the farm and factories.
- Crop diversification, providing ample scope for diversification and sustainable agriculture.
- Availability of technology and yield gap, with considerable information on recent technologies available for these crops.
Comparison between Plantation Crops and Fruit Crops
- Climate: Tropical mainly between 20° N and 20° S Latitude for plantation crops, and tropics, subtropics, and temperate for fruit crops.
- Necessity of training and pruning: Less for plantation crops and more for fruit crops.
- Suitability for processing: Major portion of plantation crops is processed, whereas fruit crops are mostly consumed directly in fresh form.
- Perishability: Less or not perishable for plantation crops, and perishable for fruit crops.
- Export potential: Comparatively high for plantation crops, and some portion of fruits and preserved products are exported.
Status of Plantation Crops in India
- Total area: 3880 '000 ha
- Total production: 16368 '000
- Productivity: 4.21
Important Research Stations on Plantation and Beverage Crops
- Coconut: Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasargod, Kerala
- Arecanut: CPCRI, Regional Research Station, Vittal, Karnataka
- Cocoa: CPCRI, Regional Research Station, Vittal, Karnataka
- Rubber: Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam, Kerala
- Cashew: Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka
- Oil Palm: National Research Centre, Elur, Pedavegi, Andhra Pradesh
- Palmyrah: Srivaliputtur, Tamil Nadu
- Tea: Tea Research Institute, United Planters Association of South India (UPASI), Valparai, Tamil Nadu
- Coffee: Central Coffee Research Institute, Balehonnur, Karnataka
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Test your knowledge on how cultivation of plantation crops leads to year-round gainful employment, such as the case of Coconut in Kerala. Explore the benefits of crop diversification and the availability of technology in improving yield gaps.
