Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why are systematic and dedicated efforts still required in fruit breeding?
Why are systematic and dedicated efforts still required in fruit breeding?
To develop ideal varieties through modern tools in fruit crops.
What is the main objective of plant breeding?
What is the main objective of plant breeding?
To improve the characteristics of plants so that they become more desirable agronomically and economically.
What is the significance of studying inheritance patterns in fruit breeding?
What is the significance of studying inheritance patterns in fruit breeding?
To combine ideal characteristics in varietal improvement programs.
What is involved in the process of fruit breeding?
What is involved in the process of fruit breeding?
What is the role of biotechnological tools in fruit breeding?
What is the role of biotechnological tools in fruit breeding?
Why is fruit breeding considered an art, science, and technology?
Why is fruit breeding considered an art, science, and technology?
What is the importance of evaluating fruit quality in fruit breeding?
What is the importance of evaluating fruit quality in fruit breeding?
What is the relationship between horticultural technology and fruit breeding?
What is the relationship between horticultural technology and fruit breeding?
Why are scion cultivar traits important in fruit breeding?
Why are scion cultivar traits important in fruit breeding?
What is the significance of rootstock characteristics in fruit breeding?
What is the significance of rootstock characteristics in fruit breeding?
Flashcards
Juvenile Period
Juvenile Period
The time from planting a seed to the first harvestable fruit. It's often long in fruit crops.
Polyploidy
Polyploidy
The condition where plants have multiple sets of chromosomes, common in fruits like bananas.
Parthenocarpy
Parthenocarpy
Production of fruit without fertilization, leading to seedless fruits like some bananas.
Sexual Incompatibility
Sexual Incompatibility
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Objective of Fruit Breeding
Objective of Fruit Breeding
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Fruit Breeding Defined
Fruit Breeding Defined
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Fruit Drop
Fruit Drop
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Polyembryony
Polyembryony
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Study Notes
Major Problems in Fruit Breeding
- Fruit crops have long generation cycles (2-10 years) and juvenile periods, making early assessment difficult
- Fruit species are highly heterozygous, requiring large populations for effective selection
- Many fruit species are polyploidy (e.g. ber, banana) and exhibit polyembryony (e.g. citrus, mango)
- Some fruit species exhibit parthenocarpy and seedlessness (e.g. banana, pineapple) and sexual incompatibility (e.g. mango, apple, pear, loquat)
- High number of chromosomes hinders genetic analysis (e.g. ber, mulberry)
- Excessive fruit drop is a problem in some fruit crops (e.g. mango, citrus, grape)
- Presence of single seed in many fruit species requires more crosses (e.g. mango, litchi, mahua)
Objectives of Plant/Fruit Breeding
- The main objective is to achieve maximum quality production per unit area with low cost and minimal biotic and abiotic stresses
- Objectives vary depending on the fruit plant, location, and requirements
Importance of Fruit Breeding
- Fruit breeding research in India began in the twenties and gained importance in the sixties due to growing awareness of fruits' importance in daily diet
- During the last two decades, research approach on fruits has undergone significant changes with increased multi-location, interdisciplinary, and inter-institutional involvement
- Intensive research has resulted in the development of improved cultivars, but problems in breeding horticultural crops still exist
- There is a need for systematic and dedicated efforts to develop ideal varieties through modern tools in fruit crops
Definition of Fruit Breeding
- Fruit breeding is the manipulation of a biological system that requires many generations to achieve results
- It is a dynamic, exciting, and challenging profession that operates under continually changing conditions
- Fruit breeding involves the genetic improvement of crop plants for economic use and is an art, science, and technology
- The aim of plant breeding is to improve the characteristics of plants to make them more desirable agronomically and economically
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