Plantation Crop Biotechnology Applications

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the main purposes of transgenic oil palm development?

Improving fatty acid profiles (correct)

Increasing seed production rate

Enhancing drought resistance

Developing pest-resistant varieties

How does tissue culture benefit the oil palm industry?

By enabling mass production of elite palms (correct)

By increasing the seed size

By improving soil fertility

By enhancing the visual appeal of palms

What is one aim of modern plant biotechnology for plantation crops?

To develop crops with higher market prices

To maximize fertilizer usage

To eliminate the need for research in agriculture

To create plant varieties with specific survival properties (correct)

What is one advantage of micropropagation in rubber planting?

It helps in breeding difficult-to-breed species Signup and view all the answers

What is the target self-sufficiency level for rice in Malaysia as stated?

86% Signup and view all the answers

Which crop is known for being developed to have more nutritious constituents?

Golden rice Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the strategic research areas of the Malaysian Palm Oil Board?

DNA database establishment for oil palm germplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the biotechnology application in rubber plantations?

Facilitates the production of disease-free plantlets Signup and view all the answers

Which method does the Malaysian Palm Oil Board use to enhance oil palm breeding material?

Marker assisted selection Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental benefit is associated with biotechnology in the oil palm industry?

Reducing chemical usage that harms the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is one outcome of integrating biotechnology in agriculture?

Improved food security and income generation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is NOT a priority for clonal propagation and breeding of oil palm?

Shorter harvest cycle Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the palm biotechnological process aids research and plantation?

Providing abundant plant materials via tissue culture Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of epigenetics studies in oil palm research?

Understanding clonal abnormality Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cryopreservation' refer to in the context of oil palm research?

Storing germplasm and clonal materials at low temperatures Signup and view all the answers

Which technology is mentioned for discovering biomarkers in oil palm improvement?

-omics technologies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of aerobic rice technology?

To maximize the use of marginal land Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does hybrid rice technology provide?

Increases yield by up to 20% Signup and view all the answers

Which method is being explored to improve rice production without expanding planting areas?

Utilizing marginal land and new technology Signup and view all the answers

What role does plant genomics play in rice cultivation?

It identifies and locates genes for cultivar improvement Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of molecular biological approaches in rice cultivation?

They produce more biomass by enhancing photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about stress tolerance in rice is true?

New DNA technologies allow assessment of global genomic response to stresses Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the development of a sustainable rice production system?

Cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plantation Crop Biotechnology Applications

Modern plant biotechnology aims to develop plant varieties resilient to local conditions (e.g., drought tolerance).
It seeks to enhance nutritional content (e.g., Golden Rice).
Post-harvest crop losses are targeted for reduction (e.g., Flavr Savr tomato).
Environmentally sustainable, high-yielding, and cost-effective varieties are also priorities.

Oil Palm

The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has breeding and tissue culture units aiming for continuous improvement of oil palm planting material.
The objective is to generate better planting material via breeding and clonal propagation.
MPOB's strategic research areas include oil palm diversity studies, DNA databases, cryopreservation methods, DNA fingerprinting of planting materials, marker-assisted selection, genetic resource improvement, advanced breeding populations, introgression of germplasm, and genotyping analysis.
Additional research areas are clonal propagation biomarker discovery, understanding clonal abnormalities in oil palm, investigations of the role of mitochondria in yield/abnormalities, developing specialist palm species (e.g. Bactris and Elaeis oleifera), tissue culture process enhancement, improved tissue culture protocols using liquid cultures, and priority traits like high oil yield, tolerance to Ganoderma, high bunch index, low height and long stalk.
MPOB has separate units for Bioinformatics, Genomics, Functional Biotechnology, and Proteomics/Metabolomics.

Rubber Tree

Rubber trees produce seeds twice a year, enabling micropropagation to maintain valuable plants and overcome seed propagation limitations.
Micropropagation facilitates faster breeding, disease-free plantlets generation from healthy tissue, improved food security, and cost-effective application. The Malaysian Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority (RISDA) manages rubber industry replanting funds and related aspects (1952 Ordinance).
Tissue culture and genetic transformation techniques are being used for genetic improvements in rubber trees. This includes inserting genes of interest into in vitro tissues (e.g. anther callus) and facilitating regeneration of complete plants. Aim is toward commercial value protein production in latex.
The objectives include production of high quality palm ramets, improving fresh fruit bunches (FFB) yield, and improving oil extraction rates (OER).

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Description

This quiz explores the applications of modern biotechnology in developing resilient plantation crops, such as oil palm and Golden Rice. It focuses on advancements in plant breeding, nutritional enhancement, and the reduction of post-harvest losses. Participants will learn about research strategies and innovations in the field of agricultural biotechnology.