Chapter 7 Applications for Plantation Crops PDF

AGR569 BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR PLANTATION CROPS CHAPTER 7 Applications for Plantation Crops Aims of Modern Plant Biotechnology: develop plant varieties with specific properties for survival in their local regions Exp: drought- tolerant plant varieties endowed with mor...

AGR569 BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR PLANTATION CROPS CHAPTER 7 Applications for Plantation Crops Aims of Modern Plant Biotechnology: develop plant varieties with specific properties for survival in their local regions Exp: drought- tolerant plant varieties endowed with more nutritious constituents than the wild type species Exp: Golden rice varieties that help to limit post-harvest crop losses Exp: Flavr Sarv tomato environmentally sustainable higher yielding less expensive varieties OIL PALM Malaysion Palm Oil Board Breeding and tissue culture unit Mission Continuous improvement and generation of elite oil palm planting materials Objective Generation of improved and elite planting material through breeding and clonal propagation  Malaysion Palm Oil Board Breeding and tissue culture unit Strategic research areas 1. Diversity studies for oil palm 2. Establishment of a DNA database for oil palm germplasm material 3. Establishment of a cryopreservation method for storage of germplasm and clonal materials 4. DNA fingerprinting for our planting material 5. Marker assisted selection towards improving oil palm breeding material 6. Genetic resources 7. Improve the selection methodology 8. Establishment of advanced breeding populations 9. Further exploitation of Elaeis oleifera, interspecific hybrids and backcrosses 10. Introgression of germplasm into breeding research 11. Genotyping analysis 12. Use of – omics technologies to discover biomarkers for improvement of clonal propagation 13. Epigenetics studies towards understanding the oil palm clonal abnormality 14. Mitochondria research with relations to yield production and clonal abnormality 15. Production of elite clonal palms and specialty palms such as Bactris and Elaeis oleifera. 16. Development of novel methods for improvement of the tissue culture process. 17. Development of liquid cultures for improving the efficiency of the tissue culture protocol. 18. Clonal propagation and breeding to produce planting materials with the following priority traits: a. High oil yield b. Ganoderma tolerance c. High bunch index d. Low height e. Long stalk http://abbc.mpob.gov.my/?page_id=241 More information on the Biotechnology Research area in MPOB (http://abbc.mpob.gov.my/) Bioinformatic (http://abbc.mpob.gov.my/? page_id=475#) Genomic (http://abbc.mpob.gov.my/?page_id=484) Functional Biotechnology Unit (http://abbc.mpob.gov.my/?page_id=486) Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit (http://abbc.mpob.gov.my/?page_id=488) Source: http://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/article/default.asp? tegration of Biotechnology application: https://www.tsh.com.my/bio-integration/  https://www.ioigroup.com/our-businesses/palm-biotechnology IOI conducts tissue culture clonal propagation from its state-of-the-art Tissue Culture Laboratory at IOI Palm Biotech Centre. Plant tissue culture is a technique to propagate plants (bypassing seeds) that are the most elite palms with all the desired traits. This tissue culture propagation technique enables mass production of superior clonal palms with high yielding and BIOTECHNOLOGY IN OIL PALM INDUSTRY Transgenic oil palm aimed at improved fatty acid profiles, for food and industrial use Tissue culture providing abundant plant materials for research and plantation New variety through breeding program Sustainable plantation Environmental friendly procedure; such as fertilizer application to reduce chemical usage which can harm environment Waste management that can reduce the effect on the environment and save cost. RUBBER TREE Biotechology Research of Malaysia Rubber Board(LGM) (https://www.lgm.gov.my/webv2/coreActivities/ge neticResource/(improvement:research ) BIOTECHNOLOGY IN RUBBER PLANTATION Rubber tree produces seed twice a year, so the propagation can be done in a very limited period Micropropagation can overcome this problem; useful for maintaining valuable plants, breeding otherwise difficult- to-breed species speeding up plant breeding and providing abundant plant materials for research and plantation regenerating disease-free plantlets from healthy tissue It has a tremendous impact, contributing to improved food security and income generation. It has all the advantages of being a relatively cheap and easily applied technology  PADDY Our current self sufficiency level for rice is at 73%. The target is to achieve 86% by 2010. Currently, most of our imports are from neighboring producing countries such as Thailand, Vietnam and India. In some producing areas, problems with pests and diseases had negatively affected the rice production, including local rice production. Efforts are being made to increase the productivity level of local rice. Since land is a critical issue, the Source From: increase in production is planned not by opening new http://www.mardi.gov.my/en/146 planting areas. Other ways such as the use of marginal land and new technology will be explored. The aerobic rice technology is aimed at maximizing the use of marginal land to increase rice production. This technology will not only suit the marginal land but also will suit the rain-fed planting areas. The hybrid rice technology will also be looked into as it is To make the effort successful, our R&D focus areas are: said to increase the yield of up to 20%. 1.Varietal development for high yield and quality rice. 2.Development of cost-effective, sustainable and environmental friendly production system with emphasis on optimum input utilization 3.Management of key pest and diseases 4.Development of efficient post-harvest handling and product development technologies Current Research Area of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology MARDI (https://portal.mardi.gov.my/en/research-focus/bi otechnology-nanotechnology.html ) BIOTECHNOLOGY IN RICE PLANTATION Plant genomics: knowing the identity and location of each gene in the rice genome is of immense value in all aspects of rice science and cultivar improvement. Molecular biological approaches to increase yield: to produce more biomass by increasing photosynthetic rate and duration, and by improving grain filling. Enhancing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses: with new DNA array technologies, it is now possible to assess global genomic response to stresses. Understanding the relationships among stress pathways may create new opportunities for gene manipulation to enhance tolerance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Improving nutritional quality in the grain: knowledge of the biosynthesis of micronutrients in plants permits genetic engineering of metabolic pathways to enhance the availability of micronutrients.