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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of dermal tissue in plants?
What is the primary function of dermal tissue in plants?
- Protect against water loss and injury (correct)
- Store sugars
- Transport nutrients
- Conduct water
What type of cells are primarily responsible for water conduction in the xylem?
What type of cells are primarily responsible for water conduction in the xylem?
- Sieve tube elements
- Tracheids (correct)
- Vessel elements (correct)
- Companion cells
What is the role of companion cells in the phloem?
What is the role of companion cells in the phloem?
- Support sieve tube elements and assist in substance movement (correct)
- Protect the plant from pests
- Store carbohydrates
- Conduct water
What distinguishes vessel elements from tracheids in the xylem?
What distinguishes vessel elements from tracheids in the xylem?
How do guard cells function in plant leaves?
How do guard cells function in plant leaves?
Which tissue system is referred to as the plant's 'bloodstream'?
Which tissue system is referred to as the plant's 'bloodstream'?
Which is NOT a component of vascular tissue?
Which is NOT a component of vascular tissue?
What type of tissue lies between dermal and vascular tissues in plants?
What type of tissue lies between dermal and vascular tissues in plants?
What type of plant cell is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?
What type of plant cell is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?
Which type of meristematic tissue contributes to the width growth of a plant?
Which type of meristematic tissue contributes to the width growth of a plant?
Which muscle type is characterized by being spindle-shaped and not under voluntary control?
Which muscle type is characterized by being spindle-shaped and not under voluntary control?
Which structural feature distinguishes epithelial tissue?
Which structural feature distinguishes epithelial tissue?
What is the function of sclerenchyma cells in plants?
What is the function of sclerenchyma cells in plants?
What do floral meristems primarily produce in flowering plants?
What do floral meristems primarily produce in flowering plants?
What type of epithelial tissue is primarily responsible for the exchange of materials through diffusion?
What type of epithelial tissue is primarily responsible for the exchange of materials through diffusion?
Which of the following correctly distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal and smooth muscle?
Which of the following correctly distinguishes cardiac muscle from skeletal and smooth muscle?
Which connective tissue is characterized by collagenous fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate?
Which connective tissue is characterized by collagenous fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate?
How do parenchyma cells primarily contribute to plant functions?
How do parenchyma cells primarily contribute to plant functions?
What is the main function of adipose tissue?
What is the main function of adipose tissue?
Which type of muscle tissue is striated and under involuntary control?
Which type of muscle tissue is striated and under involuntary control?
Neurons are primarily responsible for which of the following functions?
Neurons are primarily responsible for which of the following functions?
What type of epithelial tissue appears to have multiple layers due to varying cell heights, often found in the respiratory tract?
What type of epithelial tissue appears to have multiple layers due to varying cell heights, often found in the respiratory tract?
Which connective tissue is characterized by a liquid extracellular matrix?
Which connective tissue is characterized by a liquid extracellular matrix?
What role do osteoblasts play in bone tissue?
What role do osteoblasts play in bone tissue?
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Study Notes
Plant Tissues
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Dermal Tissue: Functions as the protective outer layer of the plant.
- Composed mainly of a single layer of epidermal cells.
- Covered by a cuticle, a waxy layer that prevents water loss and protects against injury.
- Contains trichomes that provide protection and a fuzzy appearance; includes root hair cells for water absorption.
- Features guard cells on leaf undersides regulating water loss and gas exchange.
-
Vascular Tissue: Acts as the transport system for water and nutrients.
- Xylem: Primary water-conducting tissue.
- Comprises tracheids (long, narrow water-conducting cells with impermeable walls) and vessel elements (wider cells forming continuous tubes after cell death).
- Phloem: Food-conducting tissue.
- Contains sieve tube elements (mature cells with small holes for material transfer) and companion cells (support cells that retain organelles).
- Xylem: Primary water-conducting tissue.
-
Ground Tissue: Lies between dermal and vascular tissues, fulfilling several key functions.
- Parenchyma: Main type of ground tissue; has thin walls, large vacuoles, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
- Collenchyma: Provides flexible support, particularly in young plants (e.g., "strings" in celery).
- Sclerenchyma: Features thick, rigid walls to create strong, tough ground tissue.
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Meristematic Tissue: Responsible for new cell production via mitosis for continued growth.
- Apical meristem: Located at stem and root tips, contributing to length growth.
- Floral meristem: Produces reproductive organs in flowering plants.
- Lateral meristem: Allows for width growth.
Animal Tissues
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Muscle Tissue: Facilitates body movement and responds to nerve signals.
- Skeletal Muscle: Striated and voluntary; under conscious control.
- Cardiac Muscle: Striated, involuntary, features intercalated disks for synchronized contractions.
- Smooth Muscle: Non-striated and involuntary; moves food through the digestive tract and regulates blood flow.
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Epithelial Tissue: Covers surfaces and lines organs and cavities.
- Characterized by tightly joined cells with tight junctions to serve as barriers against pathogens and physical damage.
- Types include cuboidal (secretion), simple columnar (absorption), simple squamous (diffusion), stratified squamous (protection), and pseudo-stratified columnar (respiratory lining with cilia).
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Connective Tissue: Provides structural and functional support.
- Blood: Comprised of plasma and cellular components (RBC for oxygen transport, WBC for defense, and platelets for clotting).
- Connective Tissue Proper: Subdivided into loose (found in skin) and fibrous (collagen-rich tendons and ligaments).
- Adipose Tissue: A loose connective tissue for fat storage, insulation, and energy reserve.
- Cartilage: Contains collagen fibers in a chondroitin sulfate matrix; serves as a cushion between bones.
- Bone: A hard, mineralized connective tissue composed of osteoblasts, collagen, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions.
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Nervous Tissue: Composed of neurons and supporting glial cells.
- Neurons transmit electrical signals and connect with each other to relay messages throughout the body.
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