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Which modification of roots primarily aids in food storage?
Which modification of roots primarily aids in food storage?
What is the primary function of the epidermal tissue in plants?
What is the primary function of the epidermal tissue in plants?
Which type of root serves as support for weak stems?
Which type of root serves as support for weak stems?
In plant tissue systems, what role does vascular tissue primarily serve?
In plant tissue systems, what role does vascular tissue primarily serve?
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Which root modification is crucial for plants living in swampy areas?
Which root modification is crucial for plants living in swampy areas?
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What is the primary function of the epidermal tissue in plants?
What is the primary function of the epidermal tissue in plants?
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Which statement best describes periderm in woody plants?
Which statement best describes periderm in woody plants?
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How do guard cells function in the leaf epidermis?
How do guard cells function in the leaf epidermis?
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Which type of plant tissue is responsible for protecting against water loss?
Which type of plant tissue is responsible for protecting against water loss?
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What are trichomes, and how do they benefit the plant?
What are trichomes, and how do they benefit the plant?
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What distinguishes monocots from dicots in terms of leaf structure?
What distinguishes monocots from dicots in terms of leaf structure?
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Which statement correctly describes the function of root hairs?
Which statement correctly describes the function of root hairs?
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What are the two basic parts of the plant body?
What are the two basic parts of the plant body?
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What is one primary function of the shoot system?
What is one primary function of the shoot system?
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Which of the following structures is part of the root system?
Which of the following structures is part of the root system?
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How do dicot stems differ from monocot stems in their vascular arrangement?
How do dicot stems differ from monocot stems in their vascular arrangement?
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What role do leaves primarily play in plants?
What role do leaves primarily play in plants?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of roots?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of roots?
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What feature of the stem helps hold leaves upright?
What feature of the stem helps hold leaves upright?
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What process do chlorophyll in leaves assist with?
What process do chlorophyll in leaves assist with?
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Which feature is unique to monocot stems when compared to dicot stems?
Which feature is unique to monocot stems when compared to dicot stems?
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Study Notes
Dermal Tissue System
- Protects the soft tissues of plants
- Controls interactions with the plant's surroundings
- Consists of epidermis and periderm
Epidermis
- Outermost layer of the primary plant body
- Covers roots, stems, leaves, floral parts, fruits and seeds
- One layer thick with cuticle
- Contains small pores called stomata for gas exchange and transpiration
- Stomata are controlled by two kidney-shaped cells called guard cells
- Epidermis of plants in dry habitats has a thicker coating of cutin for protection against water loss
- Epidermal cells secrete a waxy, water-resistant layer on their outer surface for protection against water loss, mechanical injury and parasitic fungi
Types of Epidermal Cells
- Trichomes: Epidermal hairs that lower water loss by decreasing the flow of air over the plant surface
- BuIIiform ceIIs: Glandular hairs that prevent herbivory by storing substances that are harmful to insects
- Epidermal cells in roots commonly bear root hairs to increase absorptive surface area for better water absorption
Periderm
- Also known as bark
- Outermost layer of stems and roots in woody plants
- Replaces epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth
- Multilayered structure
- Includes cork cells (nonliving cells) that cover the outside of stems and roots
- Protects the plant against injuries, pathogens, and excessive water loss
Plant Organs
- Composed of one or more tissues
- Three major types: roots, stems, leaves
- Flowers and fruits evolved from stems and leaves
Root System
- Includes roots and modified stem structures (tubers and rhizomes)
- Usually develops underground
- Functions:
- Anchorage
- Absorption
- Storage
- Transport
- Production of certain hormones
Shoot System
- Includes organs such as leaves, buds, stems, flowers, and fruits
- Usually develops above ground
- Functions:
- Photosynthesis
- Reproduction
- Storage
- Transport
- Hormone production
Roots
- Root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil
- Modifications of root:
- Food storage: roots swell and store food
-
Support: roots modify for support
- Prop roots: vertically downward roots that originate from heavy branches to support them
- Stilt roots: oblique downward roots coming out of the lower nodes of the stem to support the weak stem
- Respiration: roots come out of the ground and grow vertically upwards called pneumatophores to help get oxygen for respiration in swampy areas
Leaf
- Organ of photosynthesis
- Contains chlorophyll which uses light energy to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose
- Contains stomata for gas exchange and transpiration
Stem
- Holds the leaves upright in the air facing light
- Carries water and minerals to the leaves and food around the plant
- Divided into nodes and internodes
- Nodes hold buds that grow into leaves, inflorescence (flowers), conifer cones, roots, other stems etc.
- Stem parts:
- Leaf scar: mark left on a stem after a leaf falls
- Terminal bud: main area of growth in most plants
- Lenticel: functions like a pore to exchange gases between internal tissues and the atmosphere
- Flower bud: bud yet to bloom into a flower
- Growth rings: annual rings visible in a horizontal cross section of the tree trunk
Monocot vs Dicot Stem
-
Dicot Stems:
- Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
- Bundle surrounding parenchyma cells are in a pith region
-
Monocot Stems:
- Scattered vascular bundles
- Most of their bundles have parenchyma cells surrounding them in a pith region
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Description
Explore the structure and function of the dermal tissue system in plants, focusing on the epidermis' role in protection and interaction with the environment. This quiz covers types of epidermal cells, including stomata and trichomes, and their adaptations for water conservation and herbivory prevention.
