Plant Structures and Functions

Study Notes

Roots anchor the plant in the soil and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
Stems provide support to the plant and transport water, nutrients, and sugars between the roots and leaves.
Leaves are the primary site for photosynthesis, converting sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen.
Leaves also regulate water vapor and gas exchange.
Flowers are reproductive structures that produce seeds through the combination of male (stamens) and female (pistils) parts.
Fruits are mature ovaries of flowers that contain seeds, protecting and dispersing them to aid in reproduction.
Seeds are fertilized ovules of flowers that contain the embryo of the plant, disperse to new locations, and germinate into new plants.
Meristems are regions of actively dividing cells where growth occurs, found in the tips of roots and shoots.

A plant consists of two main parts: the root and shoot, which grow in opposite directions.

The shoot is composed of stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
The stem provides structural support, allowing the plant to stand upright.
The stem acts as a transport system, carrying water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and distributing food prepared by the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Branches are extensions that grow from the stem.

Leaves are attached to the stem and branches.
The green color of leaves is due to the presence of chlorophyll, which enables food preparation through photosynthesis.
Leaves have tiny openings called stomata, responsible for gas exchange, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

Flowers are the reproductive structures of the plant, varying in shape, size, and color.
Many flowers undergo pollination, eventually developing into fruits.

Roots anchor the plant firmly in the ground, providing stability.
Roots absorb water and essential minerals from the soil, supporting the plant's growth and development.