Plant Anatomy and Morphology

What are the two main systems of a flowering plant?

What is the most abundant plant tissue?

What is the primary function of parenchyma cells that contain chloroplasts?

What is the term for parenchyma cells that enlarge to store nutrients and water?

What is the term for collenchyma cells with uniformly thickened cell walls?

What is the term for sclerenchyma cells that are long, slender, and tapered and usually occur in groups?

What is the term for surface fibers that grow from the surface of seeds?

What is the term for the type of sclerenchyma cells that impart hardness to nutshells and seed coats?

What is the term for the type of parenchyma cells that have cell wall ingrowths for transfer of solutes over short distances?

What is the term for the type of sclerenchyma cells that are isodiametric and called as stone cells?

Plant Body: Basic Morphology

A flowering plant has two systems: shoot system and root system
There are six organs in a flowering plant: root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed

Tissue Types

There are three basic tissue types: dermal, ground, and vascular
Three major plant cell types: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma

Parenchyma Cells

Parenchyma is the fundamental or ground tissue of the plant
Most abundant plant tissue and found in roots, stems, fruits, and seeds
Functions in protection, photosynthesis, storage, secretion, transport, wound healing, and absorption
Some parenchyma cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis
Some parenchyma cells function as storage, containing starch grains
Specialized parenchyma cells include storage parenchyma, chlorenchyma, aerenchyma, and transfer cells

Collenchyma Cells

Provide flexible support without restraining growth
Found in young parts of the plant shoot
Thicker and uneven cell walls
Three types: angular, tangential, and annular collenchyma

Sclerenchyma Cells

Rigid due to thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin
Dead at functional maturity
Two types: sclereids and fibers
Fibers provide support and are long, slender, and tapered
Sclereids impart hardness to nutshells and seed coats and gritty texture to fruits
Types of sclereids include brachysclereids, grit cells, macrosclereids, osteosclereids, and astrosclereids

Plant Fibers

Fibers are sclerenchyma cells specialized in support
Types of plant fibers include surface fibers, soft or bast fibers, and hard or leaf fibers
Examples of plant fibers include cotton, coconut coir, flax, jute, hemp, ramie, sisal, Manila hemp, and pineapple

This quiz covers the basic morphology of a flowering plant, including shoot and root systems, organs, tissue types, and cell types. Understand the structure and functions of plant cells and tissues.