Autopolyploidy vs Allopolyploidy: What's the Difference in Plant Polyploidy?

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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to an increase in the number of sets of chromosomes in an individual?

Tetrasomy

Monosomy

Polyploidy (correct)

Nullisomy

What is the main difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy?

The impact on plant fertility

The symptoms it causes in plants

The origin of the extra sets of chromosomes (correct)

The number of chromosomes involved

What is the term for the condition of having three copies of every chromosome?

Nullisomy

Triploid (correct)

Tetrasomy

Monosomy

In agricultural crops, why can autopolyploidy be considered beneficial?

Results in larger and stronger plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the loss of both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes?

Nullisomy Signup and view all the answers

Why might autopolyploidy have negative effects on plant fertility?

Chromosomal imbalance Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes in an individual, such as triploids and tetraploids?

Polyploidy Signup and view all the answers

In which organisms is polyploidy more common than in mammals and birds?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What type of polyploidy involves the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes from the same species?

Autopolyploidy Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would autopolyploidy be more likely to occur?

A single species undergoing chromosome duplication Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason behind the altered phenotype and reduced fertility in organisms with autopolyploidy?

Imbalanced gene expression Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the presence of three copies of a specific chromosome?

Trisomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between autopolyploids and allopolyploids?

Autopolyploids have identical genomes, while allopolyploids have closely related genomes. Signup and view all the answers

How can autotriploid organisms be formed?

By the fusion of a diploid gamete with a normal gamete. Signup and view all the answers

Why are triploid organisms usually sterile?

Due to having an odd-numbered ploidy level. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of chromosome doubling in converting a sterile hybrid into a fertile new species?

It restores balanced genetic content. Signup and view all the answers

How does autopolyploidy differ from allopolyploidy in terms of chromosome origins?

Autopolyploidy originates from multiples of the same genome, while allopolyploidy originates from multiples of closely related genomes. Signup and view all the answers

Why do polyploids often have bigger leaves, fruits, and seeds?

Due to larger cell volume correlated with nucleus volume. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Polyploidy

Polyploidy refers to an increase in the number of sets of chromosomes in an individual, resulting in triploids, tetraploids, and so on.

Types of Polyploidy

Autopolyploidy: involves the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes from the same species, occurring when an individual has three or more sets of chromosomes from a single species.
Allopolyploidy: involves the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes from different species, occurring when two different species hybridize and their chromosomes combine.

Effects of Autopolyploidy

Autopolyploidy can have negative effects on plant fertility due to the altered phenotype and reduced fertility in organisms with autopolyploidy.
Autopolyploidy can be beneficial in agricultural crops, as it can result in larger leaves, fruits, and seeds.

Formation of Autopolyploids

Autotriploid organisms can be formed through chromosome doubling, which involves the duplication of chromosomes.
Autopolyploidy is more likely to occur in scenarios where there is a high rate of chromosomal aberrations or errors during cell division.

Characteristics of Polyploids

Triploid organisms are usually sterile due to the uneven number of chromosomes, making it difficult for them to reproduce.
Polyploids often have larger leaves, fruits, and seeds due to the increased number of chromosomes.

Significance of Chromosome Doubling

Chromosome doubling is significant in converting a sterile hybrid into a fertile new species, allowing for the creation of new species through polyploidy.

Key Terms

Euploidy: the condition of having a complete set of chromosomes, with the number of sets being a multiple of the haploid number.
Aneuploidy: the condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes, not being a multiple of the haploid number.
Trisomy: the presence of three copies of a specific chromosome.

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Description

Learn about the importance of polyploidy in plants, with a focus on autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy. Discover how these different types of polyploidy arise and their implications for plant evolution.