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Questions and Answers
Which term refers to an increase in the number of sets of chromosomes in an individual?
Which term refers to an increase in the number of sets of chromosomes in an individual?
What is the main difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy?
What is the main difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy?
What is the term for the condition of having three copies of every chromosome?
What is the term for the condition of having three copies of every chromosome?
In agricultural crops, why can autopolyploidy be considered beneficial?
In agricultural crops, why can autopolyploidy be considered beneficial?
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What is the term for the loss of both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes?
What is the term for the loss of both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes?
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Why might autopolyploidy have negative effects on plant fertility?
Why might autopolyploidy have negative effects on plant fertility?
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Which term refers to the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes in an individual, such as triploids and tetraploids?
Which term refers to the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes in an individual, such as triploids and tetraploids?
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In which organisms is polyploidy more common than in mammals and birds?
In which organisms is polyploidy more common than in mammals and birds?
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What type of polyploidy involves the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes from the same species?
What type of polyploidy involves the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes from the same species?
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In which scenario would autopolyploidy be more likely to occur?
In which scenario would autopolyploidy be more likely to occur?
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What is the main reason behind the altered phenotype and reduced fertility in organisms with autopolyploidy?
What is the main reason behind the altered phenotype and reduced fertility in organisms with autopolyploidy?
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Which term refers to the presence of three copies of a specific chromosome?
Which term refers to the presence of three copies of a specific chromosome?
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What is the main difference between autopolyploids and allopolyploids?
What is the main difference between autopolyploids and allopolyploids?
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How can autotriploid organisms be formed?
How can autotriploid organisms be formed?
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Why are triploid organisms usually sterile?
Why are triploid organisms usually sterile?
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What is the significance of chromosome doubling in converting a sterile hybrid into a fertile new species?
What is the significance of chromosome doubling in converting a sterile hybrid into a fertile new species?
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How does autopolyploidy differ from allopolyploidy in terms of chromosome origins?
How does autopolyploidy differ from allopolyploidy in terms of chromosome origins?
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Why do polyploids often have bigger leaves, fruits, and seeds?
Why do polyploids often have bigger leaves, fruits, and seeds?
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Study Notes
Polyploidy
- Polyploidy refers to an increase in the number of sets of chromosomes in an individual, resulting in triploids, tetraploids, and so on.
Types of Polyploidy
- Autopolyploidy: involves the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes from the same species, occurring when an individual has three or more sets of chromosomes from a single species.
- Allopolyploidy: involves the increase in the number of sets of chromosomes from different species, occurring when two different species hybridize and their chromosomes combine.
Effects of Autopolyploidy
- Autopolyploidy can have negative effects on plant fertility due to the altered phenotype and reduced fertility in organisms with autopolyploidy.
- Autopolyploidy can be beneficial in agricultural crops, as it can result in larger leaves, fruits, and seeds.
Formation of Autopolyploids
- Autotriploid organisms can be formed through chromosome doubling, which involves the duplication of chromosomes.
- Autopolyploidy is more likely to occur in scenarios where there is a high rate of chromosomal aberrations or errors during cell division.
Characteristics of Polyploids
- Triploid organisms are usually sterile due to the uneven number of chromosomes, making it difficult for them to reproduce.
- Polyploids often have larger leaves, fruits, and seeds due to the increased number of chromosomes.
Significance of Chromosome Doubling
- Chromosome doubling is significant in converting a sterile hybrid into a fertile new species, allowing for the creation of new species through polyploidy.
Key Terms
- Euploidy: the condition of having a complete set of chromosomes, with the number of sets being a multiple of the haploid number.
- Aneuploidy: the condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes, not being a multiple of the haploid number.
- Trisomy: the presence of three copies of a specific chromosome.
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Description
Learn about the importance of polyploidy in plants, with a focus on autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy. Discover how these different types of polyploidy arise and their implications for plant evolution.
