Podcast
Questions and Answers
How do viruses reproduce?
How do viruses reproduce?
- Both asexually and sexually
- Sexually
- Neither asexually nor sexually
- Asexually (correct)
What is the expected trend of aflatoxins in Europe?
What is the expected trend of aflatoxins in Europe?
- Stay at the same level
- Increase
- Fluctuate randomly
- Decrease (correct)
What is the primary objective of predictive models in plant disease management?
What is the primary objective of predictive models in plant disease management?
- To determine the probability of an event
- To determine the performance of a pesticide
- To determine the timing of an event (correct)
- To determine the scale of an event
When do symptoms of plant disease typically appear?
When do symptoms of plant disease typically appear?
What is a key component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
What is a key component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
What type of pathogen causes mold?
What type of pathogen causes mold?
What is a biotic pathogen?
What is a biotic pathogen?
What is not a primary function of pheromones in insects?
What is not a primary function of pheromones in insects?
What is the characteristic of a polycyclic pathogen?
What is the characteristic of a polycyclic pathogen?
What is the type of mycotoxin produced by Penicillium Verruacosum?
What is the type of mycotoxin produced by Penicillium Verruacosum?
When does the infectious period end?
When does the infectious period end?
What type of product can be contaminated with mycotoxins?
What type of product can be contaminated with mycotoxins?
Which type of models is used in posteriori analysis?
Which type of models is used in posteriori analysis?
What is the effect of extreme events of climate change on CO2 levels?
What is the effect of extreme events of climate change on CO2 levels?
How do viruses invade tissue?
How do viruses invade tissue?
What is the type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceous?
What is the type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus ochraceous?
What can be impacted by plant disease?
What can be impacted by plant disease?
In which crop is yield loss due to pathogen highest?
In which crop is yield loss due to pathogen highest?
What is a characteristic of parasites?
What is a characteristic of parasites?
Are food safety and food security related?
Are food safety and food security related?
What is the characteristic of a monocyclic disease?
What is the characteristic of a monocyclic disease?
What is calendar control disease based on?
What is calendar control disease based on?
What is an advantage of monogenic plant resistance?
What is an advantage of monogenic plant resistance?
Which of the following is not based on agronomic practices?
Which of the following is not based on agronomic practices?
When is a disease caused by Erysiphe necator visible on the plant?
When is a disease caused by Erysiphe necator visible on the plant?
What is the basis of heat treatments for pathogen eradication?
What is the basis of heat treatments for pathogen eradication?
What is the structure of a virus genome?
What is the structure of a virus genome?
What causes oil spots?
What causes oil spots?
Is a logo for organic farming available?
Is a logo for organic farming available?
What is an explanatory predictive model also called?
What is an explanatory predictive model also called?
What are the principles of IPM?
What are the principles of IPM?
During which stage does food acquirement take place?
During which stage does food acquirement take place?
In what year was the final regulation for organic farming in the EU settled?
In what year was the final regulation for organic farming in the EU settled?
What is common between monocyclic and polycyclic diseases?
What is common between monocyclic and polycyclic diseases?
Fungal spores can be disseminated by which of the following?
Fungal spores can be disseminated by which of the following?
Which of the following can invade the xylem?
Which of the following can invade the xylem?
Berry cracks are observed after grape infection by which of the following?
Berry cracks are observed after grape infection by which of the following?
What is a sign of disease?
What is a sign of disease?
When does the infectious period start?
When does the infectious period start?
What is the characteristic of a virus genome?
What is the characteristic of a virus genome?
Study Notes
Plant Disease and Pathogens
- Viruses reproduce asexually.
- Aflatoxins are supposed to decrease in Europe.
- Fusarium head blight of wheat is caused by a complex of fusaria, specifically Fusarium graminearum.
- Ochratoxin A (OTA) is produced by Aspergillus ochraceous.
- Predictive models can determine the probability, scale, timing, and performance of an event.
- Symptoms appear during incubation.
- Integrated Pest Management (IPM) includes environmental quality and the number of applications for chemicals.
- A polycyclic pathogen has many cycles.
- Infectious period ends when there is no more availability of secondary inoculum.
- Aspergillus ochraceous produces Ochratoxin A (OTA).
Pathogens and Disease
- A biotic pathogen is infectious and transmissible.
- Plant disease is a harmful deviation from natural functioning of physiological processes.
- Prevalence of disease symptoms refers to a field or a geographic area.
- Penicillium Verruacosum produces Ochratoxin (Ochratoxin A).
- Mycotoxins are rated mainly in chronic risk.
- Mycotoxins can be found in vegetal and animal products.
- Posteriori analysis is used in empiric models.
- Priori analysis is used in mechanistic models.
- Viruses invade tissue intercellularly.
Disease Management and Control
- A monocyclic disease has one cycle of the pathogen for each cycle of the host crop.
- Calendar control disease is based on a fixed number of sprays per crop.
- Eradication is not based on agronomic practices.
- An explanatory predictive model can be called mechanistic.
- The principles of IPM include prevention, suppression, monitoring, and decision making.
- IPM stands for Integrated Pest Management.
- Yield loss due to pathogen is the highest in wheat.
Plant Disease Impact and Diagnosis
- Plant disease can impact on plant product quality and quantity.
- Signs are visible on the lower leaf page when the disease is caused by Eryphise necator.
- Parasites derive their food from a living organism.
- Food safety and food security are related.
- Heat treatments applied for pathogen eradication are based on steam and hot water.
Organic Farming and Pathogen Dissemination
- Final regulation for organic farming in EU was settled in 2007.
- Fungal spores can be disseminated by wind and rain.
- Xylem can be invaded by fungi and bacteria.
- Bacteria reproduce asexually.
- Virus genome can be multipartite.
- Berry cracks are observed after grape infection by Botrytis fuckeliana.
- Signs are structures of products of a pathogen usually visible in diseased plants.
- Infectious period starts when the pathogen penetrates the host.
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Description
Test your knowledge on plant diseases, toxins, and viruses. Questions cover topics such as reproduction, aflatopins, and fusarium head blight.
