Applied Plant Anatomy

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What is the definition of plant anatomy?

Investigation into the interior structure of various plant parts.

What are the three main tissue types in plants?

Ground tissues, vascular tissues, and dermal tissues

What is applied anatomy, and what is its significance?

Applied anatomy is the useful application of anatomy knowledge for medical diagnosis and care, also known as clinical anatomy.

What is one of the economic aspects of applied plant anatomy?

<p>Identification and classification of plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can anatomical data assist in understanding evolutionary trends and relationships between taxonomic groups?

<p>Anatomical data can help understand the evolutionary trend and relationships between taxonomic groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of anatomical identification in various professions?

<p>Anatomical identification is crucial for various professions, including cytologists, geneticists, ecologists, and plant breeders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how anatomical examination can lead to a revision in taxonomic classification?

<p>The genera Ecdeiocolea and Anarthria were once considered part of the Restionaceae family, but were determined to be misfits based on anatomical examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how anatomical examination can be used in forensic applications?

<p>Anatomical examination of tree leaf material was conducted in China to identify Pycnarrhena macrocarpa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of examining the composition of waste products or stomach in animal feeding habits?

<p>To determine what the animal had eaten</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of finding silica bodies and sharp hairs in the waste products of African cattle?

<p>It indicated that the cattle had eaten grasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is wood preservation important for the economy?

<p>To prevent the decreasing activities of wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of wood samples for anatomical identification?

<p>The British Standards Institute</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of examining wood and charcoal preserved in ancient places?

<p>To identify the type of wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of anatomical confirmation in the identification of crude pharmaceuticals?

<p>Anatomical confirmation allows for the distinction between pure material and adulterants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to examine food contaminants under a microscope?

<p>Because they are often small and fragmentary</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be determined by examining the composition of waste products or stomach in animal feeding habits?

<p>The type of plants consumed by the animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Cephaelis ipecacuanha and Cephaelis acuminata?

<p>Cephaelis ipecacuanha is the genuine source of ipecacuanha, while Cephaelis acuminata is occasionally used as an alternative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of identifying foreign bodies in food?

<p>To determine the source of contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are tests involving chemicals and anatomy necessary to identify the species of Rheum?

<p>To distinguish between Rheum officinale and Rheum rhaponticum, which are often confused with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of distinguishing between Digitalis purpurea and D.lanata?

<p>Their differences can be attributed to their anatomy, which is important for medicinal purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to identify the genus of a plant in medicinal contexts?

<p>To ensure that the correct species is used, and to prevent adulteration with ineffective or toxic substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using anatomy to identify plant species in medicinal contexts?

<p>To distinguish between pure material and adulterants, and to ensure the quality of medicinal products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of importing dried powdered plant parts in medicinal contexts?

<p>The risk of introducing ineffective or even toxic adulterants that would be difficult to detect with the naked eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Eleutharrhena as a genus in medicinal contexts?

<p>It was created as a result of more research on species within a genus, highlighting the importance of ongoing research in the field of medicinal botany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What features of plant species are useful for identifying plant parts in forensic investigations?

<p>Morphological and anatomical diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can plant remains be used to determine the stomach contents and last meal of a person?

<p>Edible plants can be utilized to determine the stomach contents and last meal of a person</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique can be used to date the wood and thus determine the year of a painting?

<p>Dendrochronology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the wood used by the Harappans in ancient India?

<p>Deodara wood had shock-absorbing properties and was used to make coffins</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can growth rings in dicotyledonous roots be used in forensic investigations?

<p>To determine the number of years that have transpired following burial</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of xylotomist Arthur Koehler in the Lindbergh baby case?

<p>He investigated the ladder's wood morphologically and anatomically to identify the species used</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of paleobotany in fossil identification?

<p>It assists in fossil identification and classification into living genus and families</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was unique about the ladders used in the Lindbergh baby case?

<p>They were homemade and unrefined, made from four different species of wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the apical meristem in a plant?

<p>at the ends of the leaf, shoot, and roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using stem cuttings in horticulture?

<p>to propagate plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lateral meristem?

<p>to produce cork cambium and vascular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of meristem culture in agriculture?

<p>in propagation and removing diseased plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of identification in paleobotany?

<p>for correct classification of fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the application of meristem culture in forestry?

<p>in preservation of threatened species</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of anatomical identification in taxonomic classification?

<p>to determine correct names and classify correct families and orders</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of meristem culture in the timber industry?

<p>improving the quality of furniture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Anatomy

  • Plant anatomy is the investigation into the interior structure of various plant parts, including organs, tissues, and cells.

Plant Organ System

  • The plant organ system consists of organs, tissues, and cells that work together to form a functional unit.

Applied Plant Anatomy

  • Applied plant anatomy is the useful application of anatomy knowledge for medical diagnosis and care, also referred to as clinical anatomy.
  • Economic aspects of applied plant anatomy include identification and classification, taxonomic applications, medicinal plants, food adulterants and contaminants, animal feeding habits, wood, forensic applications, and paleobotany.

Identification and Classification

  • Anatomical identification is crucial for various professions, including cytologists, geneticists, ecologists, plant breeders, chemists, and anyone using plants for food, medicine, furniture, textiles, materials for building, or molecular research related to plants.
  • Natural, specific, and dependable classification is the result of considering anatomical, morphological, palynological, and other characteristics.

Taxonomic Applications

  • Anatomical data can assist in understanding the evolutionary trend and relationships between taxonomic groups.
  • Example: Anatomical examination of the Restionaceae family revealed that the genera Ecdeiocolea and Anarthria were misfits, leading to their reclassification.
  • Example: Anatomical examination of tree leaf material in China led to the creation of the new genus Eleutharrhena.

Medicinal Plants

  • Plants' leaves, barks, roots, or rhizomes are used to extract drugs.
  • Anatomical confirmation allows for the distinction between pure material and adulterants.
  • Example: Pepecacuanha, used in cough mixtures, can be contaminated with roots from other species, but anatomical identification can confirm the genuine source, Cephaelis ipecacuanha.

Food Adulterants and Contaminants

  • Food adulterants can be introduced, making it difficult to detect with the naked eye.
  • Anatomical identification can detect foreign bodies in food, such as a splinter of wood in butter.
  • Example: Ailanthus leaf was used as a mint fake.

Animal Feeding Habits

  • Animals consume crop plants, and anatomical examination of waste products or stomach contents can determine what was eaten.
  • Example: Waste from rabbits and foxes can be analyzed to determine the composition of plant fragments.

Wood

  • Wood samples can be identified anatomically, and this is important for the economy.
  • Wood preservation is crucial, and experimental anatomy has been conducted to determine how to prevent decay.

Wood in Archaeology

  • Anatomical features of wood and charcoal can be used to identify ancient samples.
  • Example: Archaeological samples in India reveal signs of wood use, including the use of Deodara for making coffins.

Forensic Applications

  • Plant materials can be used to solve crimes and other legal issues.
  • Anatomical features can be used to identify plant parts, and plant remains can be found everywhere.
  • Example: The infamous Lindbergh baby kidnapping case was solved using anatomical identification of wood.

Paleobotany

  • Paleobotany assists in fossil identification and classification into living genus and families.
  • It determines whether roots or stem, and can use section and crush fossils.

Applied Aspects of Meristem Culture

  • The apical meristem is used in culture for small-scale reproduction, application in agriculture, forestry, and horticulture, and preservation of threatened species.
  • Example: Manihot esculentus.

Intercalary Meristem

  • The intercalary meristem is used in horticulture for propagating plants using stem cuttings.

Lateral Meristem

  • The lateral meristem is used in the cutting and transplanting process of plant growth, and can be used for regenerating wounds.

Students and Government Benefits

  • Identification and classification are important for giving correct names and classifying correct families and orders.
  • Meristem culture can be used for propagation and removing diseased plants.
  • Identification of medicinal plants can improve food quality and quality of furniture.

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