Plant Organ Systems and Tissues

A plant's above-ground system responsible for absorbing sunlight and producing food through photosynthesis.

The elongated part of a plant that provides support and transports water and nutrients.

The primary site of photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food (sugar).

Developing shoots that can grow into new stems, leaves, or flowers, enabling plant growth and reproduction.

The part of the shoot system responsible for non-reproductive growth, including leaves and stems.

The part of the shoot system involved in reproduction, including flowers and fruits.

A specialized transport system in plants consisting of xylem and phloem.

Regions of undifferentiated cells responsible for plant growth, found in the tips of roots and shoots.

Tissue that covers the outer surface of a plant, primarily composed of epidermal cells.

Tiny holes in the epidermis of a plant that allow for gas exchange.

Cells that control the opening and closing of stomates, regulating gas exchange.

The point on a stem where leaves, roots, or flowers attach.

The region of stem between two nodes, extending upwards.

The stalk connecting a leaf to the stem.

The bud found in the axil of a leaf, which can develop into a branch or flower.

The tip of the shoot containing the apical meristem, responsible for growth.

A long tube in plants that transports sugars and amino acids from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Cells that make up a sieve tube, connected by perforated plates.

Tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves.

Tissue in plants that transports sugars and amino acids from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

A tissue that can divide to produce new cells for the xylem and phloem.

The tissue that makes up the majority of a plant stem, mostly made up of parenchyma cells.

The layer of ground tissue inside the vascular tissue of a stem or root.

The primary root is the first root to develop from a seed. It grows downwards and is responsible for giving rise to secondary roots.

Secondary roots branch off from the primary root and grow outwards and downwards. They increase the surface area of the root system, helping the plant to absorb more water and nutrients.

Root hairs are tiny projections that extend from a plant's roots. They increase the surface area of the roots and help them absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

The root system anchors the plant to the ground, absorbing water and essential nutrients from the soil.

Apical meristems are located at the tips of stems and roots. They are responsible for increasing the length of the plant.

Lateral meristems are responsible for the growth of a plant in thickness or girth. It allows the plant to become wider.

Intercalary meristems are found in monocots at the base of leaves and nodes. They allow the leaf blades to lengthen, even after they have been cut.

Meristematic tissue is plant tissue that is actively dividing and contributing to the growth of the plant. Permanent tissue consists of cells that have stopped dividing and have specialized functions.

A phylum of gymnosperms that includes trees with scalelike or needle-like leaves, known for their adaptation to cold and dry climates.

A phylum of gymnosperms characterized by their unique, fan-shaped leaves and tolerance to harsh conditions.

One of the four major divisions of gymnosperms, characterized by cone-bearing trees like pines, firs, and spruces.

A phylum of gymnosperms that consists of cone-bearing trees, shrubs, and vines, and are adapted to cold and dry environments.

The most diverse group of seedless vascular plants, characterized by their large, prominent leaves called fronds.

A diverse group of seedless vascular plants that includes club mosses, quillworts, and spike mosses, known for their scale-like leaves or quill-like leaves.

A phylum of gymnosperms that includes cycads, characterized by their palm-like leaves and cone-bearing structures.

A phylum of gymnosperms that includes welwitschia, ephedra, and gnetum, known for their unique adaptations and relationship to flowering plants.

A group of vascular plants that reproduce using seeds, unlike seedless plants.

A division of seed plants that includes evergreen trees like pines, firs, and spruces.

Conifers are characterized by the presence of needle-like leaves and cones, which contain their seeds, and they often produce cones that are woody and scaly.

A division of seed plants that includes cycads, which are often mistaken for palms due to their large, compound leaves.

These plants are considered to be the closest relatives to flowering plants (angiosperms) and include a variety of plants like Gnetum, Welwitschia, and Ephedra.

This plant is found in deserts of Namibia and Angola and can live for up to 2000 years. Its unique features include two large, strap-like leaves that persist throughout its life.

This genus of plants is found in dry areas and has many different species, often used for medicinal purposes.

The wood of conifers is often referred to as 'soft wood' due to the absence of vessel elements, which are present in flowering plants.