Plant Growth and Development Quiz

The process by which a plant increases in size permanently and irreversibly, typically involving metabolic activities that consume energy.

A type of growth where a plant can continue to grow indefinitely throughout its life due to the presence of special cells called meristems.

Specialized tissues in plants that contain cells capable of dividing and differentiating into various cell types, allowing for continuous growth.

The process by which meristem cells divide and produce new cells that contribute to the plant's growth, resulting in an ever-expanding plant body.

The tip of a root, containing meristematic cells that allow for root growth and elongation.

The tip of a shoot, containing meristematic cells that allow for shoot growth and development.

The increase in size or mass of an organism over time.

The rate of increase in size or mass per unit time.

The growth rate expressed as a percentage of the initial size.

The total increase in size or mass over a period of time.

A mathematical model describing the growth of a population or organism.

The initial size of a population or organism at the start of the growth period.

The final size of a population or organism after the growth period.

The rate of increase in size per unit time (represented by 'r' in the exponential growth model).

The process in which cells develop specific structures and functions, losing the ability to divide. Example: Tracheary elements that lose protoplasm and develop strong walls for water transport.

The re-acquisition of the ability to divide by fully differentiated cells that typically have lost this capacity. Example: Formation of meristems from parenchyma cells.

The process where dedifferentiated cells lose the ability to divide again and mature to perform specific functions.

A type of growth in plants that results in an increase in size due to the enlargement of cells. Requires water for turgidity and extension.

Essential for plant metabolic processes like growth and enzyme activity. Provides a medium for chemical reactions.

Required for the synthesis of protoplasm and energy production. Includes macronutrients (N, P, K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, etc.).

The range of temperatures within which a plant can thrive and grow optimally. Deviation from this range can impair survival.

Factors like light and gravity influence various stages of plant development. For instance, light triggers photosynthesis and growth.

A plant hormone that inhibits growth activities, often associated with fruit ripening.

The site where a plant hormone is produced or detected.

The phenomenon of a plant bending towards a light source.

A plant hormone that promotes cell elongation and growth.

A disease in rice seedlings caused by a fungal infection, characterized by rapid growth and elongation.

A plant hormone that encourages cell division and growth.

A plant hormone primarily involved in stem elongation.

A mass of undifferentiated cells that forms during plant tissue culture.

The ability of plant cells to develop different structures based on their position within the organism. For example, cells near the root tip differentiate into root cap cells, while those on the periphery become epidermal cells.

The process by which a plant undergoes a series of changes throughout its life cycle, from seed germination to senescence.

The ability of plants to adapt and modify their growth and development in response to environmental cues or life stages. For example, the same plant may produce different leaf shapes depending on the age or environment.

A phenomenon in plants where the leaves of a young plant differ in shape from those produced by the mature plant.

The stage in a plant's life cycle where it reaches its maximum growth and development. It's a time of maturity and stability.

The final stage in a plant's life cycle, where it gradually declines and ultimately dies. It's a time of decline and breakdown.

The process by which a plant cell increases in size due to water uptake and expansion of its cytoplasm. This is a critical stage in cell development and plant growth.

The process by which a plant cell differentiates into a specialized cell type with a specific function. This is a crucial stage in plant development and allows for the formation of various tissues and organs.

A plant hormone that regulates abscission (leaf fall) and dormancy, serving as a general growth inhibitor and acting on various metabolic processes.

ABA inhibits seed germination, preventing premature sprouting and ensuring dormancy until favorable conditions.

ABA triggers the closure of stomata, reducing water loss and increasing tolerance to drought and other stresses. It also promotes the accumulation of sugars and other protective substances.

ABA often acts in opposition to gibberellins (GA), which promote growth. This antagonistic relationship regulates various plant processes.

ABA plays a crucial role in seed development, maturation, and dormancy. It ensures the seed remains viable and protected until environmental conditions are suitable for germination.

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are chemicals that influence plant growth and development. These hormones can be antagonistic or synergistic, their interactions impacting various processes.

Extrinsic factors like temperature and light influence PGR activity. These environmental cues regulate plant responses, such as flowering initiation, vernalization, and dormancy.

Intrinsic control by PGRs, along with genomic control and extrinsic factors, contribute to the intricate process of plant growth and development. These multiple forces act in concert.