Plant Evolution Lecture Summary

<p>Larger sporophytes can better support the gametophyte and survive in drier environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For nutrient uptake, as they lack a vascular system for nutrient transport. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces gametes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce eggs for fertilization by sperm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce sperm that fertilize the egg. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides resistance to water and harsh environments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for genetic diversity through the production of haploid and diploid stages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of a specialized vascular system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sporophyte and gametophyte are both essential for completing the life cycle, with each stage producing the other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in the production of spores and gametes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bryophytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They shifted to dominant sporophyte life cycles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitate the transportation of water upwards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To absorb nutrients and water from the soil. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis and gas exchange. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seed production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rainia church fossils. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provided an alternative way for the plant to produce energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthridia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoecious (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haploid (n) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supporting the sporophyte (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diploid (2n) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing structural support for the plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apoptosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through a process of diffusion and osmosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing spores for asexual reproduction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complexity of plant structures, making them more challenging to understand than human anatomy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have completed their function of transporting water and minerals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are essential for transporting water and nutrients to the top of the tree. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Found in both non-vascular and vascular plants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce one type of spore, which develops into a bisexual gametophyte. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sori (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modified leaves with sporangia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strobilus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A female gametophyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homosporous plants produce one type of spore, while heterosporous plants produce two types of spores. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pine tree (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The part of the plant that produces spores and supports the gametophyte.

A phase in the plant lifecycle that produces gametes and supports the sporophyte.

Organs that produce and protect gametes in plants.

The female gametangia that produces eggs in plants.

The male gametangia that produces sperm in plants.

Tissue in plants that facilitates growth in height and depth.

The method of nutrient and water transport in non-vascular plants.

Roots and stems provide stability for tall plants, supported by meristematic tissue.

The life cycle of plants alternating between diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (gametophyte) stages.

The organs in which sporophytes produce and contain spores.

The process by which diploid cells divide to produce haploid spores in the sporophyte.

A water-resistant substance that protects spore walls from harsh environments.

Plants that have specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for transporting water and nutrients.

Homosporous plants produce one type of spore, while heterosporous plants produce two types (male and female).

Sperm cells with flagella used for swimming to fertilize egg cells in water-dependent plants.

Elongated cells in vascular plants that aid in water transport and provide structural support.

Roots are specialized structures for nutrient uptake, while rhizoids are simpler anchoring structures in non-vascular plants.

Process by which stems of certain plants perform photosynthesis, not relying solely on leaves.

An early vascular plant from the Devonian period that showcases traits of terrestrialization.

A cell or organism with two sets of chromosomes (2n).

A cell or organism with one set of chromosomes (n).

A type of plant that produces one type of spore, leading to both male and female gametophytes.

Reduced biological fitness due to mating of closely related individuals.

Vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals, includes dead cells called tracheids.

Vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars and nutrients throughout the plant.

Roots that grow from unusual places (e.g., stems) to provide support.

Plant tissues that provide structural integrity and support.

Process of moving water from roots to leaves, mainly through xylem.

Modified leaves that bear sporangia (sori).

Clusters of sporangia found on sporophylls.

Cone-like structures formed from groups of sporophylls.

Plants producing two types of spores: megaspores for females and microspores for males.

Smaller spores that develop into male gametophytes.

Larger spores that give rise to female gametophytes.