Plant Defences Unveiled

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive defence mechanism that plants use against pathogen invasion?

  • Chemical receptors (correct)
  • Bark
  • Small stomata
  • Thick cuticle

Which of the following is an example of a chemical barrier that can reduce fungal and bacterial growth in plants?

  • Saponins (correct)
  • Thick cuticle
  • Cell walls
  • Small stomata

What is the purpose of vertical hanging leaves in plants?

  • To reduce the likelihood of pathogen reservoirs building up on the outside of leaves (correct)
  • To provide a food source for pathogens
  • To allow for better water regulation in the plant
  • To increase the likelihood of pathogen invasion

What is the difference between passive and active plant defences against pathogens?

<p>Passive defences involve physical and chemical barriers, while active defences involve recognition of the pathogen and a response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stomata in plant defence against pathogens?

<p>Stomata can be a potential port of entry for pathogens, but they help regulate water balance in the plant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between passive and active plant defences against pathogens.

<p>Passive defences are physical or chemical barriers that prevent pathogen invasion, while active defences are activated once the pathogen is recognized by the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cuticle in plant defence against pathogens?

<p>The cuticle is a physical barrier that inhibits pathogen entry and plants with thicker cuticles are better able to withstand pathogen invasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bark in plant defence against pathogens?

<p>Bark offers plants extra protection against pathogens that otherwise might invade and try to reach the food source, sap, in the phloem beneath the tree bark.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are stomata and how do they affect plant defence against pathogens?

<p>Stomata are openings on plant leaves that regulate water balance in the plant, but can also be a potential port of entry for pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are PAMPs and how do they activate plant defence mechanisms?

<p>PAMPs are pathogen-associated molecular patterns secreted by bacteria that can be detected by chemical receptors on plant cells and activate the next stage of defence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chemical compounds in plant defence against pathogens?

<p>Chemical compounds in the tissues of plants can reduce fungal and bacterial growth and ward off vectors of viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do vertical hanging leaves reduce the likelihood of pathogen reservoirs building up on the outside of leaves?

<p>Vertical hanging leaves do not accumulate a water film, which reduces the likelihood of pathogen reservoirs building up on the outside of leaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are glucosides and saponins and how do they contribute to plant defence against pathogens?

<p>Glucosides and saponins are chemical compounds in plant tissues that can reduce fungal and bacterial growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants produce enzymes that break down pathogen-derived toxins?

<p>Plants may produce enzymes that break down pathogen-derived toxins, which is a type of active defence mechanism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complex interaction between plants and pathogens that determines disease resistance?

<p>Disease resistance in plants is determined by a complex interaction between the plant and the pathogen at the time of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants have inherent disease-resistance strategies that may be passive or ______

<p>active</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant can prevent a pathogen from invading its tissue, or prevent the pathogen from reproducing, then it will be resistant to that ______

<p>pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants have two major types of passive defences against pathogen invasion: physical barriers and ______ barriers

<p>chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bark offers plants extra protection against pathogens that otherwise might invade and try to reach the food source, sap, in the ______ beneath the tree bark

<p>phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stomata tend to open during humid weather and rainstorms, which helps regulate water balance in the plant, but is also a potential ______ of entry for pathogens

<p>port</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical receptors on plant cells can detect the presence of a pathogen and ______ the next stage of defence

<p>activate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Examples of chemicals that can reduce fungal and bacterial growth in plants are ______ and saponins

<p>glucosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plants may also produce ______ that break down pathogen-derived toxins

<p>enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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