CH 8: Plant Defence Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary ways plants defend themselves?

  • Ability to move quickly
  • Physical barriers
  • Production of chemical compounds (correct)
  • Reproduction mechanisms

Which group of chemical compounds can be toxic when ingested by herbivores?

  • Lipids
  • Alcohols
  • Alkaloids (correct)
  • Carbohydrates

What is the role of tannins in plant defense mechanisms?

  • Enhance plant growth
  • Attract pollinators
  • Act as a source of energy for herbivores
  • Make proteins indigestible to animals (correct)

Why can't plants move to escape their predators or unfavorable conditions?

<p>They are stationary organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some functions served by the chemical compounds produced by plants?

<p>Deterring attackers and surviving threats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are phytoalexins?

<p>Antimicrobial compounds synthesized in response to pathogen invasion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do thorns protect plants?

<p>By providing a sharp barrier against large herbivores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of spines in cacti?

<p>To reduce surface area of leaves and minimize water loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns?

<p>Prickles are part of the plant's vascular system, while thorns are not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding plant defense mechanisms crucial for agriculture?

<p>To reduce the need for chemical pesticides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of alkaloids in plants' defense mechanisms?

<p>Repel insects and herbivores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tannins contribute to plant defense?

<p>Bind to proteins, making them indigestible to animals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factors have plants developed defense mechanisms against?

<p>Herbivores and pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do chemical compounds play in plant survival?

<p>Provide defense against threats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do alkaloids deter herbivores?

<p>Bind to proteins, making them indigestible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nicotine in tobacco plants?

<p>Act as a natural pesticide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do tannins affect animal feeding behavior?

<p>Reduce the nutritional value of plant tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of chemical defenses for plants' ecological niches?

<p>Protect against threats and maintain ecological balance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have plants evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms?

<p>To survive and reproduce in fixed locations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do chemical compounds have on pathogens?

<p>Act as antimicrobial agents against pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by plants for defense against herbivores?

<p>Increased water consumption to dilute toxins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose do prickles serve in plant defense?

<p>Reducing the surface area of leaves to minimize water loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical plant defense structure?

<p>Spines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of phytoalexins in plant defense?

<p>Inhibiting microbial growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do thorns differ from spines as plant defense structures?

<p>Thorns are part of the plant's vascular system, while spines are not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do sticky substances play in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>Creating a physical barrier against herbivores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about volatile organic compounds produced by plants?

<p>They attract predators or parasitoids of herbivores. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes prickles different from thorns and spines in terms of structure?

<p>Prickles are outgrowths from the epidermis or cortex, while thorns and spines are not connected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of volatile organic compounds produced by plants?

<p>Repelling predators and attracting predators or parasitoids of herbivores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of thorns in plants?

<p>To serve as a deterrent to herbivores and prevent them from reaching plant leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prickles differ from thorns and spines?

<p>Prickles are outgrowths from the epidermis or cortex and are not part of the vascular system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do phytoalexins contribute to plant defense?

<p>They limit the spread of infections caused by pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key functions of spines in cacti?

<p>Minimizing water loss in arid environments by reducing leaf surface area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common plant defense mechanism against herbivores?

<p>Secretion of substances to attract herbivores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sticky substances produced by some plants contribute to their defense?

<p>They make it difficult for insects and other herbivores to consume plant tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions served by mechanical defenses in plants?

<p>Protecting plants from herbivores through physical barriers like thorns and spines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding plant defense mechanisms for agriculture?

<p>Aiding in more effective strategies for pest and disease management without using chemical pesticides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary purposes served by phytoalexins in plants?

<p>Limiting the spread of infections caused by pathogens invading the plant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have plants developed sophisticated defense mechanisms?

<p>To discourage animals from feeding on them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do alkaloids contribute to plant defense against herbivores?

<p>By repelling or being toxic to herbivores. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tannins in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>Binding to proteins and making them indigestible to animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are chemical defenses essential for plants' ecological niches?

<p>To protect plants from damage caused by pathogens and herbivores. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mechanical defenses differ from chemical defenses in plants?

<p>Mechanical defenses are structural barriers, while chemical defenses involve toxic compounds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of alkaloids in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>To act as a natural pesticide against insects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tannins affect animal feeding behavior towards plants?

<p>They reduce the nutritional value of plant tissue and discourage feeding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do alkaloids differ from tannins in their defense mechanisms?

<p>Alkaloids act as natural pesticides, while tannins bind to proteins making them indigestible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of chemical defenses in plant survival?

<p>To protect plants from pathogens and deter herbivores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the critical functions served by mechanical defenses in plants?

<p>To deter herbivores and protect against environmental stresses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms?

<p>To ensure their survival, reproduction, and maintenance of ecological niches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tannins contribute to plant defense?

<p>By binding to proteins and reducing the nutritional value of plant tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phytoalexins in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>To protect plants against environmental stresses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do alkaloids differ from tannins in their defense mechanisms?

<p>Alkaloids deter herbivores through toxicity while tannins reduce nutritional value (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do chemical defenses have on pathogens?

<p>Chemical defenses are antimicrobial against bacteria, viruses, and fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can't plants move to escape their predators or change locations?

<p>Because they are stationary organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nicotine in tobacco plants for defense?

<p>To deter herbivores due to its toxic effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions served by mechanical defenses in plants?

<p>To provide structural support for the plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of chemical defenses in plant survival?

<p>Chemical defenses protect plants from environmental stresses and pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of tannins in plant defense mechanisms?

<p>To reduce the nutritional value of plant tissue for herbivores. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant defense mechanism involves the production of compounds that attract predators or parasitoids of herbivores?

<p>Volatile organic compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thorns in plant defense?

<p>Act as a mechanical barrier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do prickles differ from thorns and spines?

<p>Prickles are outgrowths from the epidermis or cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of spines in cacti?

<p>Reduce water loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have scientists emphasized studying plant defense mechanisms?

<p>To understand plant interactions with other organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanical plant defense structure?

<p>Spines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding plant defense mechanisms for sustainable farming practices?

<p>Develop more sustainable pest and disease management strategies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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