Plant Biology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of geotropism do roots exhibit?

Negative geotropism

Neutral geotropism

Positive geotropism (correct)

Vertical geotropism

Which nutrient is primarily involved in the control of stomata opening and closing?

Potassium (correct)

Phosphorous

Nitrogen

Calcium

Which plant hormone is associated with promoting cell division?

Auxins

Abscisic Acid

Cytokinins (correct)

Ethylene

Which pH range is preferred by most plants for optimal growth?

pH 6-7 Signup and view all the answers

What type of tropism is primarily responsible for a plant's growth towards light?

Phototropism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tubers in plants?

Storage of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

In monocot stems, where are the vascular bundles typically located?

Scattered throughout ground tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is located towards the outside of the vascular bundle?

Phloem Signup and view all the answers

What tissue responsible for the increase in diameter of roots and stems is referred to as lateral meristem?

Vascular cambium Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type is primarily responsible for the transport of water in plants?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does cross-pollination provide over self-pollination?

Increased genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of ground tissue?

Epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of guard cells in relation to stomata?

To regulate gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which root type is characterized by a main central root with smaller lateral roots?

Taproot Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes venation patterns between monocots and dicots?

Monocots have parallel venation; dicots have net-like venation Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the leaf primarily aids in photosynthesis by maximizing light absorption?

Palisade mesophyll Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of root hairs?

Increasing surface area for water absorption Signup and view all the answers

What component of vascular tissue primarily conducts water and minerals in plants?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the endodermis in a root?

Regulating the flow of water and minerals into the vascular system Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant typically possesses woody stems?

Perennials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes bark?

The protective outer covering of woody stems made of cork and phloem Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is primarily used by plants to attract animals for pollination?

Brightly colored flowers Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of wind-pollinated plants?

High production of lightweight pollen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary mechanism for seed dispersal?

Growing roots into the soil Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is known for promoting seed germination?

Gibberellins Signup and view all the answers

What defines phototropism in plants?

Growth response to light direction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones helps in closing the stomata during stress?

Abscisic Acid Signup and view all the answers

Which plant response is NOT a tropism?

Movement in response to touch Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of nastic responses in plants?

Temporary and non-directional movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cytokinins in plants?

Prevent leaf aging Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kingdom Plantae

Bryophytes (mosses) have short vertical stems, leaf-like structures (one cell thick), and a variety of ecosystems; they are the second most diverse plant group, double the amount of mammals.
Pteridophytes (ferns) thrive in warm, moist environments (cooler and drier habitats); they have roots, stems, and prominent leaves and leaves emerge curled (fiddleheads).
Gymnosperms (conifers) have seeds exposed on cones, scales; they are the most dominant woody vegetation in Canada (evergreen - year-round photosynthesis); examples include pines, firs, and cedars.
Angiosperms (flowering plants) use flowers to reproduce, seeds in fruit; they are very diverse; examples include roses, trilliums, grasses, roadside weeds, etc; they make up 90% of all plants.

Organization of Plants

Organism: A complete living thing.

Organ System: A group of organs working together.

 - **Root System:** Anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals, stores food, and transports and produces hormones.
- **Shoot System:** Includes leaves (photosynthesis), stems (support), flowers and fruits (reproduction), storage, transport, and hormone production.

Organs: Structures within an organ system. - Roots: absorb water and minerals, anchor the plant, and store food. - Stems: Support and transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. - Leaves: Responsible for photosynthesis.
Tissues: Groups of similar cells that work together.
Cells: Basic units of life.

Meristematic Tissue

Apical Meristem: Tissue that grows at root and shoot tips for primary growth.
Lateral Meristem: Increases diameter of roots and stems through secondary growth e.g. vascular cambium.

Ground Tissue

Parenchyma: Living, flexible cells; performs varied functions such as storage, photosynthesis, and gas exchange.
Collenchyma: Living cells with unevenly thickened primary walls; provides flexible support to plant tissues.
Sclerenchyma: Primarily involved in support; dead at maturity with thick secondary cell walls reinforced with lignin.

Vascular Tissue

Xylem: Transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves.
Phloem: Transports sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Plant Structure & Function (Roots)

Functions: Take in water and dissolved minerals, transport them, anchor the plant, support, and store carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis.
Water Absorption: Roots extend towards water sources like shallow branching roots & deeper roots expanding their reach.
Root Types: Taproots (e.g., carrots), Fibrous Roots (e.g., onions), Modified Roots (e.g., tubers)

Plant Structure & Function (Stems)

Functions: Support, storage and the transport link between leaves and roots.
Herbaceous stems: Annual plants, lack woody tissue/bark, and have chlorophyll in the stems and leaves; usually do not live more than a year. Eg. bean.
Woody stems: Perennial plants/trees, have woody tissue/bark and chlorophyll in leaves only; usually live more than a year. Eg. maple tree.
Wood: Vascular tissue produced each year, as woody plants grow taller increasing the diameter of the stem.

Plant Structure & Function (Leaves)

Functions: Photosynthesis, gas exchange, and protection.

Vascular bundles in stems

Monocots: Scattered and surrounded by ground tissue.
Dicots: Arranged in a ring.

Plant Hormones

Auxins: Stimulate cell division and elongation, respond to light and gravity (tropism).
Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division, promote cell enlargement.
Gibberellins: Stimulate cell elongation and seed germination; promote seed ripening.
Ethylene: Promotes ripening of fruit.
Abscisic Acid: Introduces and ensures dormancy of seeds, inhibits shoot growth, and closes stomata.

Tropisms

Phototropism: Growth response to light.
Gravitropism: Growth response to gravity.
Thigmotropism: Growth response to touch.

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential concepts in plant biology, including tropisms, plant hormones, and tissue types. This quiz covers key topics such as nutrient control in stomata and the growth habits of different plant structures. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of botanical sciences.