Plant Biology Quiz: Monocots vs. Dicots
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic feature of monocot roots?

  • Presence of a pith in the center (correct)
  • Presence of a vascular cambium
  • Undergoing secondary growth
  • Absence of a pith in the center

What is true about herbaceous eudicot roots compared to monocot roots?

  • Their xylem and phloem form a solid mass. (correct)
  • They undergo secondary growth.
  • They lack a pith.
  • They have more cambium than monocots.

Which statement accurately describes the vascular cambium in monocots?

  • Monocots contain multiple cambium layers.
  • Monocots always undergo secondary growth.
  • Monocots lack a vascular cambium. (correct)
  • Monocots have a vascular cambium that enables secondary growth.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dicots?

<p>They have an unlimited number of xylem and phloem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do dicots give rise to that monocots do not?

<p>Corks and cambium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hairs on leaves in relation to air currents?

<p>They create local humidity and reduce air current exposure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one physiological change involved in leaf abscission?

<p>Formation of a protective layer at the stem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leaves is primarily used to produce the dye henna?

<p>Leaves of Lawsonia inermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic importance of leaves is related to beverages?

<p>Food items like spinach and lettuce. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant is known for its flammable resin that can be used as fuel?

<p>Yareta (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the earth is covered by saline water?

<p>80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes plants that are adapted to salty habitats?

<p>Halophytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about halophytes is true?

<p>Most halophytes can survive in both saline and freshwater environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plants typically respond to increased salts in their environment?

<p>Succulence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes halophytes from glycophytes?

<p>Halophytes adapt specifically to saline environments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the root cap?

<p>To protect the delicate root apical meristem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do root caps respond to gravitational forces?

<p>They exhibit positively geotropic behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of root hairs enhances the absorptive capacity of roots?

<p>They are short-lived and increase surface area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance do root caps secrete to assist in moisture retention?

<p>A mucilaginous substance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about root hairs is true?

<p>They increase the area for moisture absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the phototropic behavior of root caps?

<p>They grow away from light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan of root hairs?

<p>They are short-lived, lasting a few days to weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do root caps assist a plant's growth towards moisture?

<p>By detecting moisture and guiding root direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tendrils in plants?

<p>To aid in structural support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are lenticels typically found?

<p>On the surfaces of leaves and certain fruits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a tuber?

<p>A thickened end of a rhizome specialized for food storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an economic importance of stems?

<p>Fuel source (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are suckers in relation to plant structures?

<p>Vertical shoots that arise from underground stems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do potatoes and sweet potatoes serve in a plant's structure?

<p>They store energy as tubers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a cladophyll?

<p>A stem which is flattened and acts like a leaf (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of periderm associated with lenticels?

<p>To allow gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the protoderm develop into in plants?

<p>Epidermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of meristem is primarily responsible for the increase in plant length?

<p>Primary/apical meristem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is parenchyma tissue typically found in plants?

<p>In the ground meristem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of the root system in plants?

<p>Nutrient absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a type of plant organ listed?

<p>Foliage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is essential for plant growth and is commonly required in the highest quantity?

<p>Nitrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system consists of the stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and buds?

<p>Shoot System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of plant meristems are specifically mentioned?

<p>Two (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tendril

A thread-like appendage of plants that helps them cling to supports like wires or bamboo.

Cladophyll

A photosynthetic stem that looks like a leaf.

Stolon or runner

A stem that grows along the surface of the ground, producing new plants at its nodes.

Sucker

A stem that grows from the roots of a plant, producing new plants.

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Tiller

A stem that grows from the base of a plant, often near the ground.

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Offset

A stem that produces a new plant at its base, often found in aquatic or semi-aquatic plants.

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Tuber

A thickened, enlarged end of a rhizome that stores food.

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Lenticel

Porous tissues in stems and roots (except in stems with annual bark shedding), often found on leaves and fruits such as apples or pears.

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Monocot root pith

The central core of a monocot root, filled with soft, less organized tissues.

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Eudicot root xylem and phloem

In herbaceous eudicots, xylem and phloem are tightly packed in the root center.

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Monocot vascular cambium

Monocot roots lack a vascular cambium, preventing secondary growth.

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Dicot secondary growth

Dicots develop cork and cambium, leading to increased thickness in stems and roots.

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Root cap function

Protects the root apical meristem, detects gravity, and secretes a mucilaginous substance.

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Root cap composition

A loose layer of cells, not green due to the lack of chlorophyll.

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Root cap tropisms

Positively geotropic (grows down), positively hydrotropic (grows towards water), and negatively phototropic (grows away from light).

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Root hairs function

Increase the root's absorptive capacity by increasing its surface area in contact with soil.

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Root hair lifespan

Short-lived, functional for a few days or weeks.

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Root hair structure

Unicellular extensions of the root epidermis, increasing the absorptive capacity of the root.

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Embryonic root (radicle)

The embryonic root of a seed.

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Coco de Mer seed size

The largest seed in the world, with an embryonic root.

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Protoderm

The outermost primary meristem that gives rise to the epidermis of the plant.

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Procambium

Primary meristem that develops into the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) of the plant.

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Ground meristem

Primary meristem that differentiates into ground tissues—parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

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Plant body

The overall physical structure of a plant, including stems, roots, and leaves.

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Shoot system

Part of the plant body that includes stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit.

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Root system

Part of the plant body that includes the root.

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Primary/Apical meristem

Plant's growing points where cell division takes place, responsible for increasing plant length.

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Shoot apex

The growing tip of the stem

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Root apex

The growing tip of the root

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Plant nutrients

Essential elements like nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, water, and sugars, necessary for plant growth.

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Plant organs

The major structural units of a plant: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruit, and seeds.

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Halophytes

Plants adapted to salty environments.

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Leaf Abscission

The process where deciduous trees shed their leaves in the fall, as a survival strategy for cold winters.

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Saline Environment

An environment with high salt concentration.

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Humidity and Leaf Structure

Leaf hairs and thick cuticles reduce exposure to air currents, maintaining local humidity and preventing water loss.

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Economic Importance of Leaves

Leaves are used for food, dyes, fibers, fuel, and medicine.

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Salt Tolerance

Ability of a plant to survive in high salt conditions.

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Succulence

Thickening of plant organs due to water storage.

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