Plant Structure and Physiology Quiz

Plants have a root system for absorbing water and nutrients, and a shoot system for photosynthesis and reproduction.

Plant tissues include ground tissue (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma), epidermal tissue, and vascular tissue.

Flowering plants with two seed leaves (cotyledons), reticulate venation, and flower parts in multiples of four or five.

Flowering plants with one seed leaf (cotyledon), parallel venation, and flower parts in multiples of three.

A protective waxy layer covering leaves, reducing water loss.

Protective outer layer of plants, controlling gas exchange and secretions.

Living plant cells with thin walls, involved in food storage and providing support.

Plant tissues that transport water, nutrients and minerals.

Agents that transfer pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower.

Pollen from the same flower or same plant pollinates the flower.

Pollen from one flower to a flower on a different plant of the same species.

Fusion of two different nuclei in the ovule producing zygote.

Union of pollen and ovule nuclei to form a zygote.

Carries water and minerals up from roots.

Carries sugars and nutrients down from leaves.

Primary xylem that develops first, grows before maturation

Primary xylem that develops after protoxylem, grows after maturation and is extensively lignified

Layer encircling vascular tissue in roots and stems.

Layer of dividing cells between xylem and phloem, causing secondary growth.

Absorb nutrients and water, aid in plant anchorage.

Plant tissue that transports water and minerals through specialized cells called tracheary elements.

Specialized water-conducting cells in xylem tissue.

Soft plant tissue in the center of stems and some roots that stores nutrients.

Root structure found in monocot plants.

Root structure found in dicot plants.

Reproductive structure in plants with male and female parts.

Pollen transfer from anther to stigma.

Microspore (haploid) production from microsporocytes (diploid) through meiosis in microsporangium.

Tubular outgrowths from epidermal cells that increase the surface area of roots, aiding in water and nutrient absorption.

Epidermal root cells that produce root hairs.

Central part of a root or stem containing vascular tissue, ground tissue (pith), and a pericycle; surrounded by the endodermis.

Plant vascular tissue that transports food (sugars) from leaves to other parts of the plant.

Plant vascular tissue transporting water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant; provides structural support.

Pollen, or microspores, contain two cells: the pollen tube cell and the generative cell.

The pollen tube cell grows into a tube through which the generative cell travels to the ovule sac. It enters the ovule sac through the micropyle and is guided by chemicals secreted by synergids.

The generative cell inside the pollen divides to form two sperm cells.

Double fertilization is the process where one sperm fertilizes the egg cell to form a diploid zygote, and the other sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei to form a triploid cell.

Endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seed as a product of double fertilization, providing nutrition to the developing embryo in the form of starch.