Plant Structure and Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination?

  • Cross-pollination occurs between flowers of different species.
  • Self-pollination leads to greater genetic diversity than cross-pollination.
  • Cross-pollination involves transfer between different individuals of the same species. (correct)
  • Self-pollination occurs only in plants with perfect flowers.

    • What role do abiotic agents play in pollination?

  • They assist in fertilizing the ovule directly.
  • They refer exclusively to animal pollinators.
  • They include insects that transfer pollen.
  • They are responsible for the pollination process through non-living factors like wind and water. (correct)

    • What occurs after the pollen grain fertilizes the ovule?

  • The zygote forms but remains dormant until conditions are suitable.
  • The pollen tube disintegrates immediately.
  • The fertilized ovule develops into a fruit. (correct)
  • The ovary develops into a seed.

    • Which of the following best describes double fertilization in flowering plants?

    <p>One sperm fertilizes the egg and another forms triploid tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the pollination process?

    <p>Pollen lands on the stigma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes dicots from monocots in terms of leaves?

    <p>Dicots have leaves with reticulate venation, while monocots have parallel venation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant tissue is responsible for providing mechanical strength?

    <p>Sclerenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cuticle in plants?

    <p>To prevent water loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pith in plants?

    <p>Transport and storage of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cortex in plants?

    <p>Transport of nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the cotyledons differ between dicots and monocots?

    <p>Dicots have two cotyledons, monocots have one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for producing male gametes in flowering plants?

    <p>Anther</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During microsporogenesis, what is the ploidy level of microsporocytes?

    <p>Diploid (2n)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type is primarily involved in photosynthesis?

    <p>Chlorenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue primarily makes up vascular bundles in plants?

    <p>Xylem and phloem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do petals play in the reproductive structures of flowers?

    <p>Attracting pollinators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes parenchyma tissue?

    <p>It has the ability to divide throughout the plant's life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the flower collects pollen grains?

    <p>Stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced as a result of meiosis in megasporogenesis?

    <p>Four haploid megaspore nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of xylem tissue in plants?

    <p>Carries water and minerals up from the roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes protoderm in the development of xylem?

    <p>Grows before maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the filament in a flower?

    <p>To support the anther and carry nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma?

    <p>Pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue is responsible for transporting sugars and nutrients from leaves?

    <p>Phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the endodermis in land plants?

    <p>Regulate water flow into the vascular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cambium play in plant growth?

    <p>Enables secondary growth of stems and roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines the pericycle in plants?

    <p>Layer encircling vascular tissue in stems and roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the bundle sheath?

    <p>Surrounds vascular bundles in leaves and stems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the pith in plant structures?

    <p>Soft region comprised of parenchyma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are trichoblasts responsible for in plant roots?

    <p>Producing root hairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are capable of forming root hairs?

    <p>Trichoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the endodermis in plant roots?

    <p>To regulate nutrient uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes protoxylem from metaxylem?

    <p>Protoxylem undergoes lignification before elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of phloem in plants?

    <p>Carrying food downward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pericycle in root structure?

    <p>Surrounds the xylem and phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer separates the vascular tissue from the outer cortex in plant roots?

    <p>Endodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is derived from the procambium?

    <p>Vascular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pollen tube cell?

    <p>To transport the generative cell to the ovule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the division of the generative cell?

    <p>Two sperm cells, one of which fertilizes the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do synergids play during fertilization?

    <p>They secrete chemicals that guide the pollen tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the zygote and the endosperm during double fertilization?

    <p>The zygote is diploid, while the endosperm is triploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily provided by the endosperm to the developing seed?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Structure and Physiology

    • Plant Organ Systems: Plants possess diverse organ systems like roots, stems, and leaves. Different tissues carry out various functions within these organs.
    • Plant Tissues: Plants have various plant tissues, each with specific functions, including support, transport, storage, etc. Examples are parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma, epidermis, vascular (xylem and phloem), and ground tissues.
    • Dicot Stem: Features a vascular bundle arranged in a ring, with xylem in the center and phloem on the outside. The cortex surrounds the vascular bundles.
    • Monocot Stem: Has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem, unlike the ring arrangement in dicots. The cortex is composed mainly of ground tissue.
    • Dicot Root: Features an epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, xylem and phloem in a central cylinder (stele). The cortex and stele are distinct.
    • Monocot Root: Has vascular bundles scattered throughout the ground tissue, instead of a ring arrangement.

    Plant Reproduction (Angiosperms)

    • Flowers: Reproductive structures of angiosperms, containing both male and female parts.
    • Flower Structure: Flowers have various parts such as petals, sepals, stamens (with anthers and filaments), and pistils (with stigma, style, and ovary).
    • Flower Function: Petals attract pollinators, sepals protect the flower bud, stamens produce pollen, and pistils receive pollen and develop into seeds.
    • Pollination: Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.
    • Self-Pollination: Pollen transfer within the same flower, or to another flower on the same plant.
    • Cross-Pollination: Pollen transfer between different plants of the same species.
    • Double Fertilization: A unique feature of flowering plants where two sperm fertilize the ovule to produce a zygote and endosperm, forming a seed.
    • Microsporogenesis: Process of pollen production.
    • Megasporogenesis: Process of producing megaspores (the female gametophyte).
    • Seed Formation: The fusion of the male and female gametes creates a seed. The seed contains an embryo and endosperm.

    Plant Tissue Details

    • Parenchyma: Living cells with thin walls, carrying out storage, photosynthesis and other metabolic functions.
    • Collenchyma: Living support cells with unevenly thickened primary walls, providing flexible support.
    • Sclerenchyma: Dead, supportive cells with thickened secondary walls; providing rigid support. They contain lignin.
    • Xylem: Transports water and minerals from root to shoot. Composed of tracheids and vessels.
    • Phloem: Transports sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant. Composed of sieve tube elements and companion cells.
    • Epidermis: Outermost protective layer providing protection, regulating gas exchange, and water loss.
    • Cuticle: Waxy protective coating on the epidermis, reducing water loss in aerial parts of plants.

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    Lecture 4. Structure and Physiology of Plants PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on plant organ systems, tissues, and the differences between dicot and monocot stems and roots. This quiz covers essential concepts regarding plant physiology and structure. Challenge yourself with questions that explore the functions and arrangements of plant tissues and organs.

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