Plant Biology Questions

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following cell structures is NOT directly involved in protein synthesis or processing?

  • Golgi apparatus
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • Ribosomes
  • Vacuole (correct)

Lateral meristems are responsible for secondary growth in plants. Which of the following is a direct result of the activity of lateral meristems?

  • Elongation of roots
  • Increased stem diameter (correct)
  • Formation of new leaves
  • Development of flowers

Which of the following tissues is primarily responsible for transporting sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant?

  • Phloem (correct)
  • Xylem
  • Parenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma

A plant exhibits chlorosis, particularly in its older leaves. This is most likely a deficiency of which of the following macronutrients?

<p>Nitrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism is crucial for water transport in plants. What is the primary driving force behind this mechanism?

<p>Evaporation of water from leaves (transpiration) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle utilizes ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions. What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle?

<p>To fix carbon dioxide and produce sugars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of cellular respiration in plants directly produces the most ATP?

<p>Electron transport chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A plant hormone promotes cell division and delays senescence. Which hormone is most likely responsible for these effects?

<p>Cytokinin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Roots exhibit positive gravitropism, while stems exhibit negative gravitropism. Which hormone is primarily responsible for mediating these responses to gravity?

<p>Auxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A short-day plant requires a long period of darkness to flower. If the dark period is interrupted by a brief flash of light, what is the likely outcome?

<p>Flowering will be inhibited. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Botany

The scientific study of plants, covering their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution, classification, and economic importance.

Plant Cells

Eukaryotic cells with membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, plastids, mitochondria, and a cell wall.

Apical Meristems

Located at root and shoot tips, responsible for primary growth (elongation).

Lateral Meristems (Cambium)

Located laterally, responsible for secondary growth (increase in girth).

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Xylem

Transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.

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Phloem

Transports sugars (produced during photosynthesis) from leaves to other parts of the plant.

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Roots

Anchors the plant, absorbs water and minerals, and may store food.

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Plant Macronutrients

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S).

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Transpiration

Evaporation of water from leaves through stomata, creating tension that pulls water up the xylem.

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Phototropism

Growth response to light, mediated by auxins.

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