Plant Biology: Tissue Functions and Structures
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of dermal tissue in plant leaves?

  • Store energy for growth
  • Conduct photosynthesis
  • Transport nutrients throughout the plant
  • Facilitate gas exchange and protect from water loss (correct)

Which of the following best describes phototropism?

  • Random growth patterns in response to environmental factors
  • Directional growth of plants towards sunlight (correct)
  • Plants growing away from light sources
  • Growth of plants towards gravity

What role does the vascular tissue play in plant stems?

  • Provides structural support
  • Absorbs water and minerals from soil
  • Facilitates photosynthesis
  • Transports nutrients and stores energy (correct)

What is gravitropism in plants?

<p>Directional growth in response to gravity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about ground tissue is true?

<p>It serves functions in photosynthesis and storage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palisade mesophyll in a leaf?

<p>Facilitating photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the leaf is responsible for preventing water loss?

<p>Cuticle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do guard cells affect gas exchange in a leaf?

<p>They regulate the opening and closing of stomata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is primarily involved in transporting sugars throughout the plant?

<p>Phloem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do intercellular air spaces play in the leaf structure?

<p>They provide pathways for gas exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the shoot system's leaves in plants?

<p>Carry out photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of organization is directly composed of similar cells performing a specific task?

<p>Tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is part of the circulatory system in plants?

<p>Stems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root system primarily help plants to do?

<p>Absorb water and minerals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly identifies the relationship between organ systems and organisms?

<p>Organisms consist of organ systems working together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary process enables water to be drawn up through the xylem in plants?

<p>Transpiration pull (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the movement of water through the xylem?

<p>Active transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How far can water be drawn up the xylem vessels to the leaves in some plants?

<p>100 meters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the loss of water through stomata in plants?

<p>Transpiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cohesion in the movement of water in plants?

<p>To cause water molecules to stick together (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines cohesion in the context of water molecules?

<p>Attraction of water molecules to each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes root pressure?

<p>It is an upward force from the roots that helps move water through the xylem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes water to enter root hairs?

<p>High concentration of solutes inside the root cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do xylem cell walls play in the movement of water in plants?

<p>They aid in the adhesion of water molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is root pressure generated in plants?

<p>From the active transport of minerals and subsequent osmosis of water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to guard cells when they take in potassium ions ($K^+$)?

<p>They become turgid and the stomata open. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process primarily drives gas exchange in plants?

<p>Diffusion of gases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in guard cells during nighttime?

<p>Potassium ions ($K^+$) exit, leading to the deflation of guard cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do guard cells play in gas exchange?

<p>They open and close stomata to regulate gas exchange. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to guard cells when light strikes them?

<p>They accumulate potassium ions and swell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cuticle in plant leaves and stems?

<p>Prevents water loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the composition of ground tissue?

<p>It makes up most of the plant structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes xylem from phloem in vascular tissue?

<p>Xylem moves water and minerals upward; phloem moves sugars downward. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function does ground tissue NOT perform?

<p>Gas exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the dermal tissue in herbaceous plants?

<p>It protects against diseases and prevents water loss. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason multicellular organisms develop specialized cells and tissues?

<p>To perform functions more efficiently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of cell specialization in multicellular organisms?

<p>Different types of muscle tissue performing various movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does specialization enhance the survival and reproduction of multicellular organisms?

<p>By distributing responsibilities based on strengths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example demonstrates the role of specialization in a multicellular organism?

<p>Cells of the small intestine absorbing nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does specialization in cells improve their functionality?

<p>By enabling them to focus on a particular role more effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary gas that enters a plant leaf through the stomata?

<p>Carbon Dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do lenticels primarily function as in plants?

<p>Natural openings for gas exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is produced during photosynthesis and released into the atmosphere?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gas exchange occurs primarily through small openings on the stems of plants?

<p>Lenticel Exchange (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do intercellular spaces play during gas exchange in leaves?

<p>Facilitating diffusion of gases within the leaf (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes meristem tissue in plants from other types of tissues?

<p>It consists of self-renewing stem cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the function of guard cells?

<p>They regulate the opening and closing of stomata. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of xylem in plants?

<p>To transport water and dissolved minerals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do root hairs enhance a plant's ability to absorb resources?

<p>They increase the surface area for absorption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes chloroplasts in plant cells?

<p>They are the primary site of photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is phototropism?

Directional growth in response to sunlight.

What is gravitropism?

Directional growth in response to gravity.

What is dermal tissue?

Outer layer of plant tissues, providing protection and gas exchange.

What is ground tissue?

The bulk of the plant, responsible for functions like photosynthesis and storage.

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What is vascular tissue?

Special tissue for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.

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What is the cuticle?

A waxy layer on the upper surface of the leaf, preventing excessive water loss.

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What is the upper epidermis?

Tissue layer on top of the leaf, which produces a waxy layer called the cuticle.

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What is the spongy mesophyll?

Tissue containing large air spaces connected to the atmosphere through microscopic pores called stomata. Spongy cells are irregularly shaped.

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What are guard cells?

A pair of curved cells surrounding a stoma. They regulate the size of the stoma by adjusting their pressure.

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What are stomata?

Microscopic pores on the underside of the leaf where gas exchange occurs.

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What is transpiration?

The loss of water vapor from a plant's leaves through tiny openings called stomata.

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What is transpiration pull?

The force that pulls water up xylem vessels, driven by the evaporation of water from leaves.

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What is cohesion?

The attraction between water molecules, allowing them to stick together and form a continuous column in xylem.

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What is adhesion?

The attraction between water molecules and the walls of xylem vessels, helping water move upwards.

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What is root pressure?

The pressure generated by the roots, pushing water upwards in the xylem.

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What are organelles?

The basic building blocks of life, responsible for carrying out specific functions inside a cell.

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What are tissues?

Groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

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What are organs?

Structures made up of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

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What are organ systems?

A group of organs working together to perform a major bodily function.

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What is an organism?

A complete living being formed by all the organ systems working together.

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Cohesion

The attraction between water molecules, causing them to stick together.

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Adhesion

The attraction between water molecules and other surfaces, like the walls of xylem.

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Root pressure

The upward force exerted by the roots on water in the xylem.

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Active transport in roots

The process by which root hairs absorb minerals from the soil using energy.

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Osmosis in roots

The movement of water into the root hairs due to a higher concentration of solutes inside the root cells, contributing to root pressure.

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Gas Exchange in Plants

The movement of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide between a plant and its environment.

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How do stomata open and close?

When light hits guard cells, they actively transport potassium ions ($K^+$) inside, causing water to follow by osmosis. This makes the cells swell and the stomata open. At night, potassium ions move out, making the cells shrink and the stomata close.

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Single-celled organism function

A single cell carries out all the functions for the entire organism.

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Multicellular organism specialization

Different cells perform specialized functions, increasing efficiency and survival.

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Benefits of cell specialization

Cells specialized for a particular function can perform it more effectively than non-specialized cells.

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Transpiration pull

The movement of water up the xylem vessels due to the loss of water vapor from leaves.

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Cohesion of water molecules

The attraction between water molecules that allows them to stick together and form a continuous column.

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What is xylem?

A type of vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots up to the leaves. It's like the plant's plumbing system.

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What makes a cell an open system?

Cells are like tiny factories, constantly exchanging materials and energy with their surroundings, making them the smallest units of life.

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What is meristem tissue and where is it found?

Located at the tips of shoots and roots, meristem tissue is a group of constantly dividing stem cells that continuously generate new plant structures.

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What is the function of root hairs?

Root hairs are tiny extensions of root cells that drastically increase their surface area, allowing for efficient absorption of water and dissolved minerals from the soil.

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How do dermal cells protect plants?

Dermal cells form a waxy cuticle that acts like a waterproof barrier, preventing water loss and protecting the plant from invading microbes.

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What are the functions of xylem and phloem?

Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals upwards, while phloem moves sugars produced during photosynthesis throughout the plant, ensuring its vital resources are distributed effectively.

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Stomata

Microscopic pores on the underside of the leaf that allow for gas exchange, particularly the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen and water vapor.

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Lenticels

Tiny openings or blisters on the stems of trees and herbaceous plants that enable gas exchange and transpiration, similar to the stomata on leaves.

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Carbon dioxide diffusion in leaves

The diffusion of carbon dioxide through the air spaces inside a leaf, moving from the stomata towards the palisade cells.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which palisade cells use carbon dioxide and sunlight to create sugars and oxygen, releasing the oxygen back into the atmosphere.

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Study Notes

Phototropism

  • Phototropism is the directional plant growth in response to sunlight
  • Plants grow towards sunlight

Gravitropism

  • Gravitropism is the directional plant growth in response to gravity
  • Plants know which way is up

Function of Tissues

Organ Dermal (epidermal) Ground Vascular
Leaf Gas exchange
Protection from water loss and disease		 Photosynthesis
Support
Storage		 Transport
Storage
Stem Gas exchange
Protection from water loss and disease
Absorption of water and minerals from soil		 Support
Storage		 Transport
Storage

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Description

This quiz explores the functions of various plant tissues including dermal, vascular, and ground tissues. Questions cover topics such as phototropism, gravitropism, and the roles of different leaf structures in plant physiology. Test your knowledge on how these tissues contribute to the overall function of plants.

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