Plant Biology and Genetics
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of the Law of Segregation during gamete formation?

  • Each offspring inherits two alleles
  • Each offspring inherits one allele (correct)
  • Each offspring inherits multiple alleles
  • Each offspring inherits no alleles
  • What is the role of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

  • ATP and NADPH are generated (correct)
  • Glucose is produced
  • Carbon fixation occurs
  • Water is absorbed
  • What is the process of creating a complementary RNA molecule from a DNA template?

  • Gene Regulation
  • Transcription (correct)
  • Replication
  • Translation
  • What is the characteristic of semiconservative replication?

    <p>Each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the C3, C4, and CAM pathways?

    <p>Carbon fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of auxins in plant growth and development?

    <p>Regulating cell elongation and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant hormone is involved in promoting stem elongation and cell growth?

    <p>Gibberellin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokinins in plant development?

    <p>Promoting cell division and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of ethylene in plant development?

    <p>Regulating cell elongation and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of water into or out of a plant cell based on solute concentration?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetics

    Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

    • Law of Segregation: Each pair of alleles separates from each other during gamete formation, resulting in each offspring inheriting one allele.
    • Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles for different genes are sorted independently of each other during gamete formation.
    • Law of Dominance: One allele can be dominant over another allele, resulting in the dominant allele being expressed in the phenotype.

    DNA Structure and Replication

    • Double Helix Model: DNA is composed of two complementary strands twisted together with sugar and phosphate molecules.
    • Replication: DNA replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle, resulting in two identical copies of DNA.
    • Semiconservative Replication: Each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand.

    Gene Expression

    • Transcription: The process of creating a complementary RNA molecule from a DNA template.
    • Translation: The process of building a protein from an RNA molecule.
    • Gene Regulation: The control of gene expression, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.

    Plant Physiology

    Photosynthesis

    • Light-Dependent Reactions: Light energy is used to generate ATP and NADPH.
    • Light-Independent Reactions: Carbon fixation occurs, resulting in the production of glucose.
    • C3, C4, and CAM Pathways: Different pathways for carbon fixation, adapted to different environmental conditions.

    Plant Water Relations

    • Osmosis: The movement of water into or out of a plant cell based on solute concentration.
    • Transpiration: The loss of water through the plant, driven by evaporation from the leaves.
    • Root Pressure: The pressure exerted by roots to push water up the plant.

    Plant Nutrition

    • Macronutrients: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, essential for plant growth and development.
    • Micronutrients: Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B, also essential for plant growth and development.

    Plant Hormones

    Auxins

    • Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA): The most common auxin, involved in cell elongation and cell division.
    • Apical Dominance: Auxins promote the growth of the apical meristem, suppressing the growth of lateral buds.
    • Root Development: Auxins promote root growth and differentiation.

    Gibberellins

    • Stem Elongation: Gibberellins promote cell elongation and stem growth.
    • Seed Germination: Gibberellins stimulate seed germination.

    Cytokinins

    • Cell Division: Cytokinins promote cell division and differentiation.
    • Root Development: Cytokinins promote root growth and differentiation.

    Ethylene

    • Fruit Ripening: Ethylene promotes fruit ripening and senescence.
    • Abscission: Ethylene promotes the abscission of leaves and flowers.

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    Test your knowledge of plant biology and genetics, covering topics such as Mendel's laws, DNA structure, gene expression, photosynthesis, plant hormones, and more.

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