Plant and Fungi Evolution Quiz

<p>Multicellularity evolved independently multiple times in different lineages of eukaryotes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plants and fungi are symbiotic organisms that exhibit mutualism, both benefiting from the relationship. (C), Fungi and plants are separate kingdoms that evolved from different ancestors, but they share a common ancestor with green algae. (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of seeds and pollen, which protect and disperse offspring. (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to reproduce asexually, promoting genetic diversity. (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limited availability of nutrients and water. (A), The need for specialized structures to protect gametes from desiccation. (C), Fluctuating environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity. (D), The force of gravity acting on their structure. (E), Increased exposure to UV radiation. (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased reproductive success through pollination and seed dispersal. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily found in the roots of plants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a strong smell. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cinnamon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is due to the scattering of light by molecules in the air. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gymnosperms have naked seeds, while angiosperms have seeds enclosed in fruits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce flowers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allows for long-distance dispersal and long-term dormancy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seeds provide a protective barrier for the developing embryo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terpenes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a dominant gametophyte generation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attract pollinators and facilitate sexual reproduction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They produce seeds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiosperms produce flowers and fruits, while gymnosperms produce cones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to the development of distinct male and female gametophytes. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolution of angiosperms was significantly influenced by pollinators and herbivores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced gametophytes allow for a less dependent relationship on water for fertilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptomycetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are autotrophic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascomycetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutualism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chytrid fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycelia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased reliance on fertilizers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ants and fungi have co-evolved together. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They decompose organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of seeds, which provide protection and nourishment for the embryo. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide the plant with water and nutrients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce both a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have mechanisms to prevent pollen from landing on the stigma of the same flower. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fungus and an algae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, often decomposers, that reproduce via spores.

Multicellularity evolved multiple times in eukaryotic lineages, leading to diverse life forms.

Fungi play crucial roles as decomposers, nutrient recyclers, and symbiotic partners.

Both plants and fungi belong to the domain Eukarya, indicating a shared cellular structure.

The independent evolution of similar traits in different lineages, such as multicellularity.

Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients and lack chlorophyll.

Mycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic relationships with plants, aiding nutrient cycling.

Land plants evolved from green algae, facing challenges like gravity and water availability.

Seeds and pollen are crucial adaptations for reproduction on land.

Angiosperms have flowers, fruits, and double fertilization for reproduction.

Nitrogen-containing compounds; some are toxic and act as stimulants or analgesics.

Bitter compounds that can repel predators and have antioxidant properties.

Large group of hydrocarbons known for strong smells, often repelling predators and having medicinal uses.

Plant pigments that can be bitter and act as antioxidants.

Seed plants with 'naked seeds' not enclosed in an ovary.

Seed plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.

The haploid phase that produces gametes in a plant's lifecycle.

The diploid phase in plant lifecycle that produces spores.

Common ancestor of all life, part of Domain Bacteria.

A term meaning fungus.

Sac fungi named for their saclike structures, or asci.

Group including mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi.

Fungi implicated in global amphibian declines.

Ants that farm fungi by feeding on them and allowing fungi to break down leaves.

Plant symbionts that help with nutrient acquisition.

Modern practices disrupting mycorrhizae, leading to increased fertilizer use.

A symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic organism and fungi.

Heterotrophic organisms that feed by absorption and lack chlorophyll.

The co-evolution of ants and fungi.

Fungi that form mutualistic symbioses with many plant roots.

Ancestors of land plants that adapted to terrestrial environments.

Includes flowers, fruits, and double fertilization for reproduction.

The movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant.

Mutual relationships between angiosperms and animals for pollination and seed dispersal.

The production of two types of spores: megaspores (female) and microspores (male).

Very small gametophytes that develop within sporophyte walls, receiving nutrients from them.

Plants that produce one kind of spore, leading to bisexual gametophytes, such as ferns.

Structures in seed plants that develop into seeds after fertilization, containing the female gametophyte.

Fine powder produced by microsporangia that carries sperm to fertilize ovules.

Seeds contain an embryo and food supply, allowing for long-distance dispersal and dormancy.