Plant Anatomy Fundamentals

Study Notes

Plant Anatomy

Overview

Study of the internal structure of plants
Involves the examination of plant cells, tissues, and organs

Plant Cells

Basic structural and functional units of plants
Composed of:
- Cell wall: provides support and protection
- Cell membrane: regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Cytoplasm: site of metabolic activities
- Nucleus: contains genetic material
- Chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis
- Vacuoles: storage of water, nutrients, and waste products

Plant Tissues

Groups of similar cells that perform specific functions
Types of plant tissues:
1. Dermal tissue: outer layer of plant, provides protection
2. Ground tissue: inner tissue, performs various functions such as storage and support
3. Vascular tissue: transports water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant
  - Xylem: transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
  - Phloem: transports sugars and nutrients produced by photosynthesis

Plant Organs

Structural units composed of different tissues that perform specific functions
Types of plant organs:
1. Roots: absorb water and nutrients from soil
2. Stems: support leaves, transport water and nutrients, and store food
3. Leaves: site of photosynthesis, produce food for the plant

Leaf Structure

Blade: flat part of the leaf, site of photosynthesis
Petiole: stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem
Veins: vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the leaf
Cuticle: outer layer of the leaf, prevents water loss
Stomata: small openings that allow for gas exchange

Description

Learn about the internal structure of plants, including plant cells, tissues, and organs. Explore the functions of different tissues and organs, and how they work together to support plant growth and development.