180 Questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)?
Tall stature with eunuchoid proportions
Which of the following is a characteristic of Turner Syndrome (Female, 45,XO)?
Short stature and streak ovary
Which of the following is a common cause of primary amenorrhea?
Turner Syndrome
Which of the following is a characteristic of Double Y Males (47, XYY)?
Phenotypically normal with severe acne
Which of the following is a characteristic of Sex Chromosome Loss?
Mitosis errors result in a mosaic karyotype
Which of the following is a characteristic of Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)?
Increased risk of breast cancer
Which of the following is a risk factor for preeclampsia?
History of preeclampsia
What is the definitive treatment for preeclampsia?
Delivery
Which of the following is a complication of preeclampsia?
Placental abruption
What is the treatment for eclampsia?
IV magnesium sulfate
Which gynecologic tumor has the worst prognosis?
Ovarian cancer
What is the most common cause of anovulation?
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Which disorder is most commonly due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
46,XX DSD
Which disorder is most commonly due to androgen insensitivity syndrome?
46,XY DSD
Which disorder is characterized by both ovarian and testicular tissue present (ovotestis)?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Which hormone levels are high in androgen insensitivity syndrome?
Testosterone and estrogen
Which hormone levels are high in testosterone-secreting tumor or exogenous androgenic steroids?
Testosterone and LH
Which hormone levels are low in hypogonadotropic (Secondary) hypogonadism?
LH and FSH
Which of the following ovarian cysts is associated with gestational trophoblastic disease?
Theca lutein cyst
Which of the following ovarian tumors is the most common malignant neoplasm?
Serous carcinoma
Which of the following ovarian tumors is most likely to cause pseudomyxoma peritonei?
Mucinous carcinoma
Which of the following ovarian cysts is lined by fallopian tube-like epithelium?
Serous cystadenoma
Which of the following germ cell tumors is characterized by sheets of uniform 'fried egg' cells?
Dysgerminoma
Which of the following sex cord stromal tumors may produce androgens leading to virilization?
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
Which condition presents with abrupt, painful vaginal bleeding in the third trimester and can lead to maternal hypovolemic shock and DIC?
Placental Abruption
Which condition is characterized by full-thickness disruption of the uterine wall and presents with painful vaginal bleeding, fetal heart rate abnormalities, and easily palpable fetal parts?
Uterine Rupture
Which condition is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and is characterized by greater-than-expected blood loss after delivery?
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Which condition is characterized by the implantation of the fertilized ovum in a site other than the uterus, most often in the ampulla of the fallopian tube?
Ectopic Pregnancy
Which condition is associated with cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium, and presents with vaginal bleeding, emesis, and uterine enlargement more than expected?
Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy)
Which type of mole is characterized by hydropic villi, absent fetal parts, and negative staining for P57 protein?
Complete Mole
Which of the following is a risk factor for preeclampsia?
Multiparous gestation
Which of the following is a complication of preeclampsia?
Placental abruption
Which of the following is a characteristic of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)?
Unruptured follicles (cysts)
Which of the following is a risk factor for vulvar carcinoma?
High-risk HPV infection
Which of the following is a cause of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea?
Excessive exercise
Which of the following is a characteristic of Lichen Sclerosus?
Chronic, progressive inflammatory disease
Which of the following is a characteristic of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)?
Uterus and fallopian tubes absent
Which of the following is a characteristic of Kallmann Syndrome?
Hyposmia/anosmia
Which of the following is a risk factor for Placenta Accreta Spectrum?
Prior C-section or other uterine surgery
Which of the following is a characteristic of Placenta Previa?
Attachment of placenta over the internal cervical os
Which of the following is a characteristic of 5α-Reductase Deficiency?
Atypical genitalia until puberty
Which of the following is a characteristic of Hypogonadotropic (Secondary) hypogonadism?
Low LH levels
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by small, firm testes; infertility; tall stature with eunuchoid proportions; gynecomastia; and may present with developmental delay?
Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by short stature, ovarian dysgenesis, broad chest with widely spaced nipples, bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta, and lymphatic defects?
Turner Syndrome (Female, 45,XO)
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by phenotypically normal individuals who are very tall and have normal fertility?
Double Y Males (47, XYY)
Which sex chromosome disorder is often due to nondisjunction during meiosis or mitosis, and can result in a mosaic karyotype?
Sex Chromosome Loss
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by the presence of inactivated X chromosome (Barr body), dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules, and abnormal Leydig cell function?
Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by no Barr body, menopause before menarche, low estrogen leading to high LH and FSH levels, and is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea?
Turner Syndrome (Female, 45,XO)
Which condition is characterized by premature separation of the placenta from the uterus prior to fetal delivery and presents with abrupt, painful vaginal bleeding in the third trimester?
Placental Abruption
Which condition is characterized by full-thickness disruption of the uterine wall and presents with painful vaginal bleeding, fetal heart rate abnormalities, and easily palpable fetal parts?
Uterine Rupture
Which condition is characterized by greater-than-expected blood loss after delivery and is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide?
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Which condition is characterized by the implantation of the fertilized ovum in a site other than the uterus, most often in the ampulla of the fallopian tube?
Ectopic Pregnancy
Which condition is associated with cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epithelium, and presents with vaginal bleeding, emesis, and uterine enlargement more than expected?
Hydatidiform Mole (Molar Pregnancy)
Which condition is a rare malignancy of trophoblastic tissue without chorionic villi present, and most commonly occurs after an abnormal pregnancy such as hydatidiform mole or abortion?
Choriocarcinoma
Which of the following is a characteristic of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Cystic/enlarged ovaries on ultrasound
Which of the following is a characteristic of Primary Dysmenorrhea?
Painful menstrual periods caused by uterine contractions
Which of the following is a characteristic of Follicular Cyst?
A functional cyst resulting from the failure of a mature follicle to rupture and ovulate
Which of the following is a characteristic of Corpus Luteal Cyst?
A functional cyst resulting from the failure of a mature follicle to rupture and ovulate
Which of the following is a characteristic of Serous Cystadenoma?
Benign and the most common ovarian neoplasm, lined by fallopian tube-like epithelium
Which of the following is a characteristic of Mature Cystic Teratoma (Dermoid Cyst)?
Benign and the most common ovarian neoplasm, lined by fallopian tube-like epithelium
Which condition is characterized by full-thickness disruption of the uterine wall and presents with painful vaginal bleeding, fetal heart rate abnormalities, and easily palpable fetal parts?
Uterine Rupture
Which condition is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and is characterized by greater-than-expected blood loss after delivery?
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Which condition presents with abrupt, painful vaginal bleeding in the third trimester and can lead to maternal hypovolemic shock and DIC?
Placental Abruption
Which of the following is a risk factor for preeclampsia?
Maternal hypertension
Which of the following is a complication of preeclampsia?
DIC
Which condition is characterized by the implantation of the fertilized ovum in a site other than the uterus, most often in the ampulla of the fallopian tube?
Ectopic Pregnancy
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue (ovotestis) and atypical genitalia?
46,XX DSD
Which of the following conditions is characterized by testes present, but external genitalia are feminized or atypical?
46,XY DSD
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a defect in the androgen receptor, resulting in female-appearing genetic male (46,XY DSD)?
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Which of the following conditions is characterized by autosomal recessive inheritance, inability to convert testosterone to DHT, and atypical genitalia until puberty?
5α-Reductase deficiency
Which of the following conditions is characterized by failure to complete puberty, defective migration of neurons, and reduced synthesis of GnRH in the hypothalamus?
Kallmann Syndrome
Which of the following conditions is characterized by abnormal invasion of trophoblastic tissue into the uterine wall, and can present with severe postpartum hemorrhage upon attempted manual removal of the placenta?
Placenta percreta
Which of the following is a risk factor for preeclampsia?
History of preeclampsia
Which of the following is a complication of preeclampsia?
Placental abruption
Which of the following is a risk factor for vulvar carcinoma?
Long-standing lichen sclerosus
Which of the following is a characteristic of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea?
Increased LH:FSH ratio
Which of the following is a characteristic of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)?
Increased LH:FSH ratio
Which of the following is the most common cause of anovulation?
Pregnancy
Which of the following ovarian tumors is the most common malignant neoplasm?
Serous Carcinoma
Which of the following is a characteristic of Dysgerminoma?
Malignant and most common in adolescents.
Which of the following is a characteristic of Granulosa Cell Tumor?
Most common malignant sex cord stromal tumor, occurs in females in their 50s.
Which of the following is a characteristic of Yolk Sac Tumor?
Malignant and aggressive, contains fetal tissue and neuroectoderm.
Which of the following is a characteristic of Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor?
Benign, resembling testicular histology with tubules/cords lined by pink Sertoli cells.
Which of the following is a characteristic of PCOS?
Associated with obesity and acanthosis nigricans.
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by the presence of inactivated X chromosome (Barr body), dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules, and abnormal Leydig cell function?
Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by no Barr body, menopause before menarche, low estrogen leading to high LH and FSH levels, and is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea?
Turner Syndrome (Female, 45,XO)
Which of the following is a characteristic of Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)?
Small, firm testes; infertility (azoospermia)
Which of the following is a characteristic of Turner Syndrome (Female, 45,XO)?
Short stature (associated with SHOX gene, preventable with growth hormone therapy)
Which of the following is a characteristic of Double Y Males (47, XYY)?
Phenotypically normal (usually undiagnosed)
Which sex chromosome disorder is most commonly due to meiotic nondisjunction and is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer?
Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)
Which of the following is a risk factor for vulvar carcinoma?
Obesity
What is the treatment for eclampsia?
Immediate delivery
Which sex chromosome disorder is often due to nondisjunction during meiosis or mitosis, and can result in a mosaic karyotype?
Turner Syndrome (Female, 45,XO)
Which of the following ovarian tumors is the most common malignant neoplasm?
Ovarian tumor
Which of the following is a cause of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea?
Eating Disorders
Which disorder is most commonly due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
Cushing Syndrome
Which condition is characterized by the premature separation of the placenta from the uterus prior to fetal delivery and presents with abrupt, painful vaginal bleeding in the third trimester?
Placental Abruption (Abruptio Placentae)
Which condition is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and is characterized by greater-than-expected blood loss after delivery?
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Which condition is characterized by full-thickness disruption of the uterine wall and presents with painful vaginal bleeding, fetal heart rate abnormalities, easily palpable fetal parts, and loss of fetal station?
Uterine Rupture
Which condition is characterized by the implantation of the fertilized ovum in a site other than the uterus, most often in the ampulla of the fallopian tube?
Ectopic Pregnancy
Which condition is a rare malignancy of trophoblastic tissue without chorionic villi present and most commonly occurs after an abnormal pregnancy such as hydatidiform mole or abortion?
Choriocarcinoma
Which condition is characterized by gestational hypertension, with blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg after 20 weeks of gestation, without preexisting hypertension, proteinuria, or end-organ damage?
Gestational Hypertension
Which of the following is a characteristic of Mucinous Carcinoma?
Can cause pseudomyxoma peritonei
Which of the following is a characteristic of Mature Cystic Teratoma (Dermoid Cyst)?
Benign and most common in young females
Which of the following is a characteristic of Brenner Tumor?
Usually benign, contains nests of urothelial-like (bladder-like) epithelium with 'coffee bean' nuclei
Which of the following is a characteristic of Serous Cystadenoma?
Benign and the most common ovarian neoplasm, lined by fallopian tube-like epithelium
Which of the following is a characteristic of Yolk Sac Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumor)?
Malignant and aggressive, presents as a yellow, friable (hemorrhagic) mass, with 50% showing Schiller-Duval bodies (resemble glomeruli)
Which of the following is a characteristic of Granulosa Cell Tumor?
Most common malignant ovarian neoplasm, may contain psammoma bodies
Which of the following is a characteristic of Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)?
Uterus and fallopian tubes present
Which of the following is a characteristic of Kallmann Syndrome?
High levels of FSH and LH
Which of the following is a risk factor for placenta accreta spectrum?
Nulliparity
Which of the following is a characteristic of placenta increta?
Partially invades into myometrium
Which of the following is a characteristic of vasa previa?
Fetal vessels travel to the placenta unprotected by Wharton jelly
Which of the following is a characteristic of 5α-Reductase Deficiency?
Atypical genitalia until puberty
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by the presence of inactivated X chromosome (Barr body), dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules, and abnormal Leydig cell function?
Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by small, firm testes; infertility; tall stature with eunuchoid proportions; gynecomastia; and may present with developmental delay?
Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by phenotypically normal individuals who are very tall and have normal fertility?
Double Y Males (47, XYY)
Which sex chromosome disorder is most commonly due to meiotic nondisjunction and is associated with small, firm testes; infertility (azoospermia); tall stature with eunuchoid proportions (delayed epiphyseal closure, long bone length); gynecomastia; female hair distribution; and may present with developmental delay?
Klinefelter Syndrome (Male, 47,XXY)
Which sex chromosome disorder is characterized by short stature (associated with SHOX gene, preventable with growth hormone therapy); ovarian dysgenesis (streak ovary); broad chest with widely spaced nipples; bicuspid aortic valve; coarctation of the aorta (femoral < brachial pulse); lymphatic defects (webbed neck or cystic hygroma; lymphedema in feet, hands); horseshoe kidney; high-arched palate; and shortened 4th metacarpals?
Turner Syndrome (Female, 45,XO)
Which sex chromosome disorder is associated with increased risk for gonadoblastoma and is characterized by mosaicism (e.g., 45,X/46XX or 45,X/46,XY)?
Sex Chromosome Loss
Which of the following is the most common cause of nipple discharge?
Intraductal papilloma
Which of the following breast tumors is most commonly seen in females under 35 years old?
Fibroadenoma
Which breast tumor is characterized by a large mass with 'leaf-like' lobulations?
Phyllodes tumor
Which breast cancer type is characterized by dermal lymphatic space invasion and erythematous skin with 'peau d'orange' appearance?
Paget disease
Which breast cancer type is characterized by a firm, fibrous, 'rock-hard' mass with sharp margins and small, glandular, duct-like cells in desmoplastic stroma?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Which breast cancer type often shows an orderly row of cells ('single file') with no duct formation?
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Which of the following is the most important prognostic factor in early-stage breast cancer?
Lymph node metastasis
Which condition is characterized by a painful, sustained erection lasting more than four hours?
Ischemic Priapism
Which condition is the most common type of penile cancer?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Which condition refers to the failure of one or both testes to descend?
Cryptorchidism
Which condition is the rotation of the testicle around the spermatic cord and vascular pedicle?
Testicular Torsion
Which condition refers to dilated veins in the pampiniform plexus due to increased venous pressure?
Varicocele
Which tumors arise in midline locations outside of the gonads (testes and ovaries)?
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors
Which tumors account for about 95% of all testicular tumors and typically arise from the germ cells that produce sperm?
Testicular Tumors
Which condition is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue (glands and stroma) in the myometrium, leading to a diffusely enlarged and soft uterus?
Adenomyosis
Which condition is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, often involving pelvic sites such as the peritoneum and ovaries?
Endometriosis
Which condition is characterized by abnormal proliferation of endometrial glands due to excess estrogen unopposed by progesterone, and carries an increased risk for endometrial carcinoma?
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the endometrium, often occurring after delivery, especially after C-section, and presents with fever, uterine tenderness, and purulent lochia?
Endometritis
Which condition is characterized by fibrous bands within the endometrial cavity, usually caused by damage to the basal layer of the endometrium after procedures like dilation and curettage, and presents with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and dysmenorrhea?
Intrauterine Adhesions (Asherman Syndrome)
Which neoplastic condition is a benign tumor of the myometrium, usually multiple and estrogen-sensitive, and presents with abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pressure, and reproductive dysfunction?
Leiomyoma (Fibroid)
Which neoplastic condition is a malignant tumor of the endometrium, typically arising in postmenopausal females and presents with abnormal uterine bleeding?
Endometrial Carcinoma
Which tumor is characterized by elevated levels of β-hCG and may also have raised AFP levels?
Choriocarcinoma
Which tumor typically has elevated AFP levels, especially when malignant components are present, and may have normal or slightly increased β-hCG levels?
Teratoma
Which tumor may show an increase in AFP when pure, but may also show elevated β-hCG levels when mixed with other tumor types?
Embryonal Carcinoma
Which condition presents with localized pain and tenderness over the posterior aspect of the testis, and may progress to involve the testis if left untreated?
Epididymitis
Which condition presents with testicular pain and swelling, and may increase the risk of infertility if caused by mumps virus infection?
Orchitis
Which condition is characterized by non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, leading to compression of the urethra and urinary symptoms such as increased frequency of urination, nocturia, difficulty starting and stopping the urine stream, and dysuria?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the prostate gland and can present with symptoms such as dysuria, frequency, urgency, and low back pain?
Prostatitis
Which tumor is the most common cancer in males over the age of 50, typically arises from the posterior lobe (peripheral zone) of the prostate gland, and is diagnosed by measuring elevated PSA levels and conducting subsequent needle core biopsies?
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
In advanced stages, which tumor may metastasize to the bones, leading to osteoblastic metastases, lower back pain, and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and PSA levels?
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
True or false: Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
False
True or false: Endometriosis often presents with abnormal uterine bleeding and dysmenorrhea.
False
True or false: Endometrial Hyperplasia is caused by excess estrogen unopposed by progesterone.
True
True or false: Endometritis is inflammation of the myometrium.
False
True or false: Intrauterine Adhesions (Asherman Syndrome) are usually caused by damage to the basal layer of the endometrium after dilation and curettage.
True
True or false: Leiomyoma (Fibroid) is a malignant tumor of the myometrium.
False
True or false: Endometrial Carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer in resource-rich countries.
True
True or false: Intraductal papilloma is the most common cause of nipple discharge.
True
True or false: Fat necrosis is a malignant condition that results in painful lumps in the breast.
False
True or false: Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast tumor in females over 35 years old.
False
True or false: Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of invasive breast cancer.
True
True or false: Inflammatory breast cancer is characterized by a palpable mass in the breast.
False
True or false: Axillary lymph node metastasis is a favorable prognostic factor in early-stage breast cancer.
False
True or false: Peyronie's disease is characterized by an abnormal curvature of the penis due to a fibrous plaque within the tunica albuginea.
True
True or false: Ischemic priapism is associated with sickle cell disease and medications like sildenafil and trazodone.
True
True or false: Precursor in situ lesions of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis include Bowen disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat, and Bowenoid papulosis.
True
True or false: Cryptorchidism can lead to impaired spermatogenesis, subfertility, and an increased risk of germ cell tumors.
True
True or false: Testicular torsion is more common in males aged 12-18 years and presents with acute, severe pain, high-riding testis, and absent cremasteric reflex.
True
True or false: Varicocele is the most common cause of scrotal enlargement in adult males and is more common on the left side.
True
True or false: Extragonadal germ cell tumors can arise in midline locations outside of the gonads and are most commonly found in the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, pineal gland, and suprasellar regions.
True
True or false: Benign scrotal lesions include hydrocele, spermatocele, and testicular tumors.
True
True or false: Choriocarcinoma exhibits a significant increase in β-hCG.
True
True or false: Teratoma typically has elevated AFP levels, especially when malignant components are present.
True
True or false: Embryonal Carcinoma may show an increase in AFP when pure, and may also show elevated β-hCG levels when mixed with other tumor types.
True
True or false: Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis, which presents with localized pain and tenderness over the anterior aspect of the testis.
False
True or false: Orchitis is the inflammation of the testis, which presents with testicular pain and swelling.
True
True or false: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is considered premalignant.
False
True or false: Total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are usually increased in BPH, and the fraction of free PSA is also increased.
False
True or false: Prostatitis is characterized by inflammation of the prostate gland and can present with symptoms such as dysuria, frequency, urgency, and low back pain.
True
True or false: Prostatic adenocarcinoma typically arises from the anterior lobe (central zone) of the prostate gland.
False
Test your knowledge on placental abruption, a serious complication of pregnancy that can lead to fetal death. Learn about the risk factors, symptoms, and potential complications associated with this condition.
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