Pituitary Gland Disorders

Hypopituitarism: deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones, can be caused by tumors, trauma, or inflammation
Hyperpituitarism: excess production of one or more pituitary hormones, can cause gigantism or acromegaly
Pituitary tumors: benign or malignant growths that can disrupt hormone production and cause symptoms such as headaches and vision loss
Pituitary apoplexy: sudden bleeding into the pituitary gland, can cause severe headache, vomiting, and visual disturbances

Thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) produced by the thyroid gland, regulate metabolism and growth
Hypothyroidism: underactive thyroid gland, can cause fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance
Hyperthyroidism: overactive thyroid gland, can cause weight loss, anxiety, and heat intolerance
Thyroid function tests: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), free T4, and free T3 levels used to diagnose and monitor thyroid function

Endocrine glands: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, and hypothalamus
Hormone production: released into bloodstream, binds to receptors, and regulates various bodily functions
Negative feedback loops: mechanism to regulate hormone production, prevents overproduction or underproduction
Endocrine system interactions: complex interactions between glands and hormones to maintain homeostasis

Hormone synthesis: production and secretion of hormones by endocrine glands
Hormone transport: hormones transported through bloodstream to target cells
Hormone receptors: specific proteins on target cells that bind to hormones, triggering a response
Hormone degradation: breakdown and elimination of hormones to prevent overstimulation

Types of diabetes: type 1 (autoimmune), type 2 (insulin resistance), gestational, and LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults)
Diabetes treatment: insulin therapy, oral medications, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, weight management)
Blood glucose monitoring: self-monitoring of blood glucose levels to adjust treatment and prevent complications
Complications of diabetes: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and long-term complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy)

Deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones is known as Hypopituitarism, causes include tumors, trauma, or inflammation
Hyperpituitarism is the excess production of one or more pituitary hormones, leading to conditions like gigantism or acromegaly
Pituitary tumors can be benign or malignant and disrupt hormone production, causing symptoms like headaches and vision loss
Pituitary apoplexy is a sudden bleeding into the pituitary gland, causing severe headache, vomiting, and visual disturbances

Thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are produced by the thyroid gland, regulating metabolism and growth
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland is underactive, causing fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance
Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland, leading to weight loss, anxiety, and heat intolerance
Thyroid function tests measure TSH, free T4, and free T3 levels to diagnose and monitor thyroid function

The endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads, and hypothalamus
Hormone production involves releasing hormones into the bloodstream, binding to receptors, and regulating various bodily functions
Negative feedback loops prevent overproduction or underproduction of hormones
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and hormones working together to maintain homeostasis

Hormone synthesis involves the production and secretion of hormones by endocrine glands
Hormone transport is the process of hormones being transported through the bloodstream to target cells
Hormone receptors are specific proteins on target cells that bind to hormones, triggering a response
Hormone degradation is the breakdown and elimination of hormones to prevent overstimulation

Types of diabetes include type 1 (autoimmune), type 2 (insulin resistance), gestational, and LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults)
Diabetes treatment involves insulin therapy, oral medications, and lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, weight management)
Blood glucose monitoring is essential for self-monitoring blood glucose levels to adjust treatment and prevent complications
Complications of diabetes include hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and long-term complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy)