Pituitary Gland: Anatomy and Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary gland?

  • Stimulating the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4
  • Increasing water reabsorption and vasoconstriction
  • Stimulating mammary glands to produce milk (correct)
  • Regulating production of sex hormones

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4?

  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (correct)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What is the result of a deficiency in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

  • Lack of gonadotrophs and delayed pubertal maturation (correct)
  • Chronic fatigue and weight loss
  • Increased production of cortisol
  • Delayed growth and development

Which hormone is produced in response to biological stress and regulates the production and release of cortisol?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of growth hormone on the body?

<p>Promoting protein biosynthesis and increasing Ca2+ absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of pituitary tumor?

<p>Prolactinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a deficiency in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

<p>Lack of cortisol and delayed growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vasopressin/ADH released from the posterior pituitary gland?

<p>Increasing water reabsorption and vasoconstriction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hyperpituitarism on the body?

<p>Causes an overproduction of hormones leading to various disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a deficiency in growth hormone?

<p>Delayed growth and development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key enzyme responsible for the production of naturally occurring estrogens?

<p>Aromatase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and stimulates mammary development in puberty and pregnancy?

<p>Progesterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the ovarian cycle?

<p>Reflects the quality and quantity of eggs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of estrogen in the HPO axis?

<p>Positively regulates hypothalamus and anterior pituitary for 12-14 days and negatively regulates for the rest of the cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer treatment?

<p>Decreases estrogen synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of testosterone in females?

<p>Acts as a precursor to estrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?

<p>T4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of T3 on the brain?

<p>Increased alertness and arousal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Na+/I- symporter in the thyroid gland?

<p>Transporting iodine across thyrocytes to colloid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypothyroidism on children?

<p>Delayed growth and development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thyroid peroxidase in the thyroid gland?

<p>Converting tyrosine into T4 and T3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Graves' disease on the thyroid gland?

<p>Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

<p>Increasing plasma Ca2+ levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis?

<p>Decreases gluconeogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of somatostatin on the pancreas?

<p>Suppresses release of endocrine pancreatic hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chief cells in the parathyroid gland?

<p>Synthesizing and secreting parathyroid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of insulin on the pancreas?

<p>Suppresses the exocrine secretory action of the pancreas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does glucose stimulate the release of insulin from B cells?

<p>Glucose is metabolized to produce ATP, which inhibits K+ channels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?

<p>Autoimmune destruction of B cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on skeletal muscle cells?

<p>Increases glucose uptake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucagon?

<p>Stimulates glycogenolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of epinephrine on smooth muscle?

<p>Contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aldosterone?

<p>Promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism?

<p>Increases gluconeogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Cushing's disease?

<p>Cortisol overproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of growth hormone on glucose metabolism?

<p>Decreases peripheral glucose utilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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