Pituitary Gland: Anatomy and Hormones Quiz

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What is the primary function of oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary gland?

Stimulating the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4

Increasing water reabsorption and vasoconstriction

Stimulating mammary glands to produce milk (correct)

Regulating production of sex hormones

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (correct)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What is the result of a deficiency in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Lack of gonadotrophs and delayed pubertal maturation (correct)

Chronic fatigue and weight loss

Increased production of cortisol

Delayed growth and development

Which hormone is produced in response to biological stress and regulates the production and release of cortisol?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of growth hormone on the body?

Promoting protein biosynthesis and increasing Ca2+ absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of pituitary tumor?

Prolactinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a deficiency in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

Lack of cortisol and delayed growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vasopressin/ADH released from the posterior pituitary gland?

Increasing water reabsorption and vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hyperpituitarism on the body?

Causes an overproduction of hormones leading to various disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a deficiency in growth hormone?

Delayed growth and development Signup and view all the answers

What is the key enzyme responsible for the production of naturally occurring estrogens?

Aromatase Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and stimulates mammary development in puberty and pregnancy?

Progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the ovarian cycle?

Reflects the quality and quantity of eggs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of estrogen in the HPO axis?

Positively regulates hypothalamus and anterior pituitary for 12-14 days and negatively regulates for the rest of the cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer treatment?

Decreases estrogen synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of testosterone in females?

Acts as a precursor to estrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?

T4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of T3 on the brain?

Increased alertness and arousal Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Na+/I- symporter in the thyroid gland?

Transporting iodine across thyrocytes to colloid Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypothyroidism on children?

Delayed growth and development Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of thyroid peroxidase in the thyroid gland?

Converting tyrosine into T4 and T3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Graves' disease on the thyroid gland?

Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

Increasing plasma Ca2+ levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis?

Decreases gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of somatostatin on the pancreas?

Suppresses release of endocrine pancreatic hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chief cells in the parathyroid gland?

Synthesizing and secreting parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of insulin on the pancreas?

Suppresses the exocrine secretory action of the pancreas Signup and view all the answers

How does glucose stimulate the release of insulin from B cells?

Glucose is metabolized to produce ATP, which inhibits K+ channels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?

Autoimmune destruction of B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on skeletal muscle cells?

Increases glucose uptake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucagon?

Stimulates glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of epinephrine on smooth muscle?

Contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aldosterone?

Promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion Signup and view all the answers