Pituitary Gland: Anatomy and Hormones Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of oxytocin released from the posterior pituitary gland?

  • Stimulating the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4
  • Increasing water reabsorption and vasoconstriction
  • Stimulating mammary glands to produce milk (correct)
  • Regulating production of sex hormones

    • Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4?

  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (correct)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

    • What is the result of a deficiency in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

  • Lack of gonadotrophs and delayed pubertal maturation (correct)
  • Chronic fatigue and weight loss
  • Increased production of cortisol
  • Delayed growth and development

    • Which hormone is produced in response to biological stress and regulates the production and release of cortisol?

    <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone on the body?

    <p>Promoting protein biosynthesis and increasing Ca2+ absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of pituitary tumor?

    <p>Prolactinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a deficiency in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

    <p>Lack of cortisol and delayed growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vasopressin/ADH released from the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Increasing water reabsorption and vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hyperpituitarism on the body?

    <p>Causes an overproduction of hormones leading to various disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a deficiency in growth hormone?

    <p>Delayed growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key enzyme responsible for the production of naturally occurring estrogens?

    <p>Aromatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and stimulates mammary development in puberty and pregnancy?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the ovarian cycle?

    <p>Reflects the quality and quantity of eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of estrogen in the HPO axis?

    <p>Positively regulates hypothalamus and anterior pituitary for 12-14 days and negatively regulates for the rest of the cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer treatment?

    <p>Decreases estrogen synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of testosterone in females?

    <p>Acts as a precursor to estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hormone secreted by the thyroid gland?

    <p>T4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of T3 on the brain?

    <p>Increased alertness and arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Na+/I- symporter in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Transporting iodine across thyrocytes to colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of hypothyroidism on children?

    <p>Delayed growth and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thyroid peroxidase in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Converting tyrosine into T4 and T3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Graves' disease on the thyroid gland?

    <p>Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

    <p>Increasing plasma Ca2+ levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Decreases gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of somatostatin on the pancreas?

    <p>Suppresses release of endocrine pancreatic hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the chief cells in the parathyroid gland?

    <p>Synthesizing and secreting parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of insulin on the pancreas?

    <p>Suppresses the exocrine secretory action of the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does glucose stimulate the release of insulin from B cells?

    <p>Glucose is metabolized to produce ATP, which inhibits K+ channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Increases glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucagon?

    <p>Stimulates glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of epinephrine on smooth muscle?

    <p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aldosterone?

    <p>Promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism?

    <p>Increases gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Cushing's disease?

    <p>Cortisol overproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of growth hormone on glucose metabolism?

    <p>Decreases peripheral glucose utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

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