20 Pituitary ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus and inhibits prolactin secretion?

  • Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
  • Dopamine (correct)
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • Thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)
  • Where are the osmolar receptors that regulate ADH located?

  • Median eminence
  • Neurohypophysis
  • Paraventricular nuclei
  • Supraoptic nuclei (correct)
  • Which hormone is released by the adenohypophysis and does not have its own direct blood supply?

  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (correct)
  • Growth hormone (GH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • What is the main characteristic of nonfunctional pituitary tumors?

    <p>Mass effect and decreased prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction is the anterior pituitary located in a schematic diagram of the pituitary and floor of the third ventricle as seen in a midline sagittal view?

    <p>To the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what level does prolactin usually need to be for symptoms to occur in prolactinoma?

    <p>Approximately 150</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line therapy for acromegaly?

    <p>Transsphenoidal resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone replacement therapy is indicated for Sheehan’s syndrome?

    <p>Corticosteroids and hormone replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most frequent presentation of craniopharyngioma?

    <p>Endocrine abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is frequent postoperatively in patients with craniopharyngioma?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Nelson’s syndrome?

    <p>↑ CRH causing pituitary enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome?

    <p>Adrenal gland hemorrhage after meningococcal sepsis infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best test for diagnosing acromegaly?

    <p>Elevated IGF-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of Sheehan's syndrome?

    <p>Postpartum trouble lactating</p> Signup and view all the answers

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