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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in determining the orientation of the heart?
What is the first step in determining the orientation of the heart?
Where does the aorta open?
Where does the aorta open?
Posterior
What characterizes the superior vena cava?
What characterizes the superior vena cava?
Points more superior-anteriorly
What vessels branch from the pulmonary trunk?
What vessels branch from the pulmonary trunk?
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What distinguishes the inferior vena cava?
What distinguishes the inferior vena cava?
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Which ventricle is thicker-walled?
Which ventricle is thicker-walled?
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What do pulmonary veins connect to?
What do pulmonary veins connect to?
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Describe the pulmonary trunk.
Describe the pulmonary trunk.
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What notable feature does the aorta have?
What notable feature does the aorta have?
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Study Notes
Heart Orientation
- The orientation of the heart is identified by a large cut on the anterior surface, positioned slightly to the right of mid-sagittal.
- The aorta opens towards the posterior side of the heart.
Vena Cava
- Composed of large, collapsed veins located on the right-posterior side of the heart.
- The superior vena cava is oriented superior-anterior and easily identified due to the absence of nearby large vessels.
- The inferior vena cava is oriented inferior-posteriorly, often near the pulmonary veins, and can be identified by probing from the superior to inferior vena cava.
Pulmonary Trunk
- A prominent vessel that rises from the right ventricle, extending posterio-laterally across the top of the heart.
- May either show an opening or branch into pulmonary arteries depending on the specimen cut.
- Identification can be done by passing a probe through the pulmonary semilunar valve from the right ventricle.
Aorta
- The most noticeable vessel on the heart, typically not collapsed, with its opening directed posteriorly or superiorly before the arch.
- Features openings on the superior surface for the brachiocephalic and subclavian arteries.
- Tracing the aorta backwards leads into the left ventricle, passing through the aortic semilunar valves.
Pulmonary Veins
- Composed of several collapsed veins located on the posterior side of the heart, connecting to the left atrium.
- Can be difficult to visualize unless held open by a probe or pin, similar to the vena cavas.
Ventricles
- The left ventricle has thicker walls compared to the right ventricle, which is evident as it occupies the posterior and inferior sections of the heart.
- The right ventricle is positioned more anterior-superior.
- The main anterior cut exposes both ventricles.
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Description
Explore the intricate anatomy of the pig heart with these flashcards. Each card highlights key features, including orientation and views of the heart, providing a comprehensive understanding of its structure. Ideal for students studying biology and anatomy.
