Phytochemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which one of these is true about primary metabolites?

  • They serve diverse functions within plants
  • They are chemicals found in herbalism
  • They are not important for the plant's survival
  • They are essential for the survival of the plant (correct)

    • What is the estimated number of secondary plant metabolites discovered so far?

  • Thousands
  • 200,000 (correct)
  • Hundreds
  • 80-90%

    • What do secondary metabolites serve within plants?

  • Fundamental functions
  • Diverse functions (correct)
  • Chemical functions
  • Survival functions

    • What are secondary plant metabolites collectively referred to as in herbalism?

    <p>Plant constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between primary and secondary plant metabolites?

    <p>Primary metabolites are essential, while secondary metabolites serve diverse functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of primary metabolites?

    <p>Proteins, lipids, carbs, chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a herbal monograph?

    <p>To provide reliable herbal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can reliable herbal information be accessed?

    <p>Through herbal monographs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of phytochemistry?

    <p>Chemical parts within a plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many primary and secondary plant metabolites are estimated to be undiscovered in herbalism?

    <p>80-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of plant constituents?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of constituents includes compounds like salicylic acid and flavonoids?

    <p>Phenolics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycosides in plant constituents?

    <p>To make them more water soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solvent is most suitable for extracting alkaloids from plants?

    <p>45%-70% alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solubility of resins in water?

    <p>Insoluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the solubility of plant constituents?

    <p>Plant matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major class of constituents?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solubility of flavonoids in alcohol?

    <p>Partially soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of secondary metabolites?

    <p>Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of constituents includes compounds like volatile oils and carotenoids?

    <p>Terpenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Primary metabolites are essential for the survival of plants?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Secondary metabolites serve diverse functions within plants?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Approximately 200,000 secondary plant metabolites have been discovered?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The solubility of flavonoids is alcohol?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Resins are soluble in water?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Glycosides have a sugar unit attached to a phenolic compound.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Alkaloids are generally more soluble in water than in alcohol.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Resins are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or oil.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Flavonoids have varying solubility depending on their glycoside.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Volatile oils are soluble in water but slightly soluble in alcohol.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysaccharides like inulin, arabinogalactans, and beta-glucans are examples of ______ in plants

    <p>carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkamides and fatty acids are examples of ______ in plants

    <p>lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salicylic acid, coumarins, and flavonoids are examples of ______ in plants

    <p>phenolics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Volatile oils, resins, and saponins are examples of ______ in plants

    <p>terpenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isoquinoline and pyrrolizidine are examples of ______ in plants

    <p>alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants can contain hundreds to thousands of unique chemicals which include: Primary metabolites - fundamental to the life of the plant (e.g. proteins, lipids, carbs, chlorophyll). Secondary metabolites do not appear to be fundamental to sustain life but serve diverse functions within plants. ~200,000 secondary plant metabolites have been discovered. estimated that science has yet to uncovered 80-90% of them in herbalism are referred to as plant ______.

    <p>constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chalker-Scott, L. How Plants Work: The science behind the amazing things plant do. Portland, OR; Timber Press; 2015.

    Signup and view all the answers

    By the end of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Name primary and secondary plant metabolites and understand the difference between them 2. Classify herbal constituents and understand their solubility 3. Define and give herbal examples of herbal actions 4. List herbs with selected tissue affinities 5. Describe the herbal monograph as a learning resource and know how/where to access reliable herbal information in order to apply information to case presentations HERBAL CONSTITUENTS THE CHEMICAL PARTS WITHIN A PLANT PRIMARY & SECONDARY PLANT METABOLITES

    Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Resins are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or ______.

    <p>oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solvent is most suitable for extracting alkaloids from ______?

    <p>plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following plant constituents with their respective major class:

    <p>Inulin = Carbohydrates Alkamides = Lipids Salicylic acid = Phenolics Volatile oils = Terpenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following constituents with the suitable solvent to extract them:

    <p>Alkaloids = 45-60% alcohol Flavonoids = Water or 25-50% alcohol Mucilage = Water Resins = 90% alcohol or oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following constituents with the correct description of their solubility:

    <p>Alkaloids = Generally not very soluble in water and more so in alcohol Flavonoids = Vary in solubility depending on their glycoside Resins = Insoluble in water Tannins = Readily soluble in water or alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following constituents with their biological activity:

    <p>Glycosides = Have a sugar unit and an aglycone unit, with the aglycone unit often being the biologically active component Mucilage = A polysaccharide that absorbs water Flavonoids = Help protect the plant from UV radiation Resins = Fat-soluble constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match these influences on constituent solubility with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Structure &amp; size of the phytochemical molecule = Influences how the constituent interacts with the solvent Polarity of its molecular skeleton and attached functional groups = Determines the solubility of the constituent in polar or nonpolar solvents Temperature of extraction solvents = Higher temperatures can increase the solubility of some constituents Type of solvent &amp; solution pH (ionization) = Different solvents and pH levels can extract different constituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Phytochemistry = The study of the chemical parts within a plant Primary Metabolites = Fundamental to the life of the plant (e.g. proteins, lipids, carbs, chlorophyll) Secondary Metabolites = Not fundamental to sustain life but serve diverse functions within plants Herbal Monograph = A learning resource that provides reliable herbal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following learning objectives with their descriptions:

    <p>Name primary and secondary plant metabolites = Identify and differentiate between the two types of plant metabolites Classify herbal constituents = Understand the different types of chemical parts within a plant Define herbal actions = Explain the functions and effects of herbs List herbs with selected tissue affinities = Identify herbs that have a specific affinity or effect on certain tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Herbal Constituents = The chemical parts within a plant Plant Metabolites = Unique chemicals that plants can contain, including primary and secondary metabolites Dr. Fiona Smulders = The teacher of BOT TERM 1 CLASS 3A: PHYTOCHEMISTRY Herbal Actions = The effects or functions of herbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Primary Metabolites = Chemicals that are fundamental to the life of the plant Secondary Metabolites = Chemicals in plants that are not fundamental to sustain life but serve diverse functions Plant Constituents = Chemicals referred to in herbalism, including both primary and secondary metabolites Herbal Monograph = A learning resource that provides reliable herbal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Phytochemistry = The branch of chemistry dealing with the chemical processes associated with plant life and the chemical compounds produced by plants Secondary Metabolites = Chemicals in plants that serve diverse functions, not fundamental to sustain life Primary Metabolites = Chemicals fundamental to the life of a plant (e.g. proteins, lipids, carbs, chlorophyll) Herbal Constituents = The chemical parts within a plant, including both primary and secondary metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Primary and Secondary Metabolites

    • Primary metabolites are essential for plant survival and include proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and chlorophyll.
    • Secondary metabolites, while not crucial for survival, serve diverse roles such as defense and attraction in plants.
    • Approximately 200,000 secondary plant metabolites have been documented, with an estimated 80-90% yet to be discovered.

    Functions and Classifications of Metabolites

    • Secondary metabolites in herbalism are commonly referred to as plant constituents.
    • Major classes of plant constituents include glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, resins, and saponins.
    • Glycosides contain a sugar unit attached to a phenolic compound.
    • Alkaloids like isoquinoline are less soluble in water compared to alcohol.

    Solubility and Extraction

    • The solubility of flavonoids typically occurs in alcohol.
    • Resins are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or oil; they do not dissolve in water.
    • The most suitable solvent for extracting alkaloids is alcohol.
    • Factors affecting solubility include solvent type, temperature, and chemical structure.

    Herbal Monographs and Reliable Information

    • Herbal monographs serve as a learning resource, providing detailed information about plant constituents and their uses.
    • Reliable herbal information can be accessed through reputable databases, publications, and academic resources.

    Focus of Phytochemistry

    • Phytochemistry focuses on the study of plant chemicals and their effects, classifications, and properties.
    • Plants can contain hundreds to thousands of unique chemicals.

    Examples of Plant Constituents

    • Polysaccharides like inulin, arabinogalactans, and beta-glucans are considered primary metabolites.
    • Alkamides and fatty acids are examples of secondary metabolites.
    • Salicylic acid, coumarins, and flavonoids are also classified as secondary metabolites.
    • Volatile oils, resins, and saponins are examples of plant constituents with specific functions.

    True or False Statements

    • True: Primary metabolites are essential for the survival of plants.
    • True: Secondary metabolites serve diverse functions within plants.
    • True: Approximately 200,000 secondary plant metabolites have been discovered.
    • False: Resins are soluble in water.
    • False: Alkaloids are generally more soluble in alcohol than in water.
    • True: Flavonoids have varying solubility depending on their glycoside structure.
    • False: Volatile oils are not soluble in water; they are slightly soluble in alcohol.

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    BOT Term 1 Class 3A: Phytochemistry PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of phytochemistry with this quiz! Learn about primary and secondary plant metabolites, herbal constituents and their solubility, herbal actions, and herbs with tissue affinities. See how much you've learned from Dr. Fiona Smulders' Bot Term 1 Class 3A.

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