Phytochemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of compound has a sugar unit attached to a phenolic compound?

  • Phenolic glycosides (correct)
  • Mucilage
  • Alkaloids
  • Polysaccharides

    • What is the role of the added sugar unit in phenolic glycosides?

  • To decrease the need for gut flora
  • To extract fat-soluble constituents
  • To reduce water solubility
  • To enhance biological activity (correct)

    • Which type of solution will extract fat-soluble constituents like alkaloids?

  • Alcohol-based solutions (correct)
  • Water-based solutions
  • Vinegar-based solutions
  • Oil-based solutions

    • What influences the solubility of phytochemicals?

    <p>Temperature of the extraction solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has varying affinities for different solvents?

    <p>Alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will water-based solutions extract?

    <p>Polysaccharides and tannins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the ionization of a solution?

    <p>Type of solvent used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of flavonoids in a plant?

    <p>Protection from UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major class includes compounds such as alkamides and fatty acids?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do glycosides consist of?

    <p>A glycogen (sugar unit) and an aglycone (any other compound) attached by a glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major class includes compounds like salicylic acid, coumarins, and tannins?

    <p>Phenolics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of terpenoids in plants?

    <p>Providing a source of volatile oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are alkaloids primarily known for in plants?

    <p>Having pharmacological effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes glycosides from other compounds?

    <p>Consisting of two different molecules attached via a glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herbal constituent is generally not very soluble in water and more so in alcohol?

    <p>Tannins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of herbal constituent is a polysaccharide that absorbs water and may form a sludge in alcohol?

    <p>Mucilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbal constituent is insoluble in water and is readily soluble in alcohol?

    <p>Resins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of herbal constituent is partially soluble in both water and alcohol?

    <p>Saponins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herbal constituent volatizes in hot water, 40% alcohol, or oil?

    <p>Volatile Oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of herbal constituent is soluble in alcohol and fixed oils, and slightly soluble in water?

    <p>Volatile Oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herbal constituent varies in solubility depending on their glycoside?

    <p>Flavonoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant metabolites are fundamental to the life of the plant?

    <p>Primary metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of discovered secondary plant metabolites?

    <p>200,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary and secondary plant metabolites?

    <p>Primary metabolites are fundamental to the life of a plant, while secondary metabolites serve diverse functions within plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of herbal constituents?

    <p>They have distinct medicinal properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a herbal monograph?

    <p>To provide reliable herbal information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are herbal constituents classified based on their solubility?

    <p>To predict their medicinal applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of flavonoids in plants?

    <p>Protect the plant from UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major class of constituents includes compounds like alkamides and fatty acids?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes glycosides from other compounds?

    <p>Attachment via glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of terpenoids in plants?

    <p>Production of volatile oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herbal constituent is insoluble in water and is readily soluble in alcohol?

    <p>Alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the glycone unit in glycosides refer to?

    <p>Sugar unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herbal constituent is known for its varying affinities for different solvents?

    <p>Alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herbal constituent is insoluble in water and more soluble in alcohol?

    <p>Flavonoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of herbal constituent is a polysaccharide that absorbs water and may form a sludge in alcohol?

    <p>Mucilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbal constituent is partially soluble in both water and alcohol?

    <p>Saponins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compound volatizes in hot water, 40% alcohol, or oil?

    <p>Volatile Oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbal constituent is readily soluble in water or alcohol?

    <p>Salicylates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which solvents are resins generally insoluble?

    <p>Oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbal constituent varies in solubility depending on its glycoside?

    <p>Flavonoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant metabolites do not appear to be fundamental to sustain life but serve diverse functions within plants?

    <p>Secondary metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many secondary plant metabolites are estimated to still be uncovered by science?

    <p>80,000-90,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What book provides information on how plants work and the amazing things they do?

    <p>How Plants Work: The Science behind the Amazing Things Plants Do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of herbal constituents are referred to as plant constituents in herbalism?

    <p>Secondary metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of plant metabolites includes proteins, lipids, carbs, and chlorophyll?

    <p>Primary metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of secondary plant metabolites that have been discovered?

    <p>~200,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of chemicals are secondary metabolites that are fundamental to the life of the plant?

    <p>Primary metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sugar unit in phenolic glycosides?

    <p>To activate the aglycone unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solvent is most suitable for extracting alkaloids?

    <p>45-60% alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT influence constituent solubility?

    <p>Molecular size of the plant extract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of constituents are extracted by water-based solutions?

    <p>Mucilage and tannins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the polarity of a phytochemical molecule affect its solubility?

    <p>Makes it more water soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gut flora in relation to aglycone units?

    <p>Break down and activate the aglycone unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the added sugar unit in phenolic glycosides?

    <p>To improve water solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salicylic acid, coumarins, flavonoids, isoflavones, lignans, quinones, tannins are examples of?

    <p>Phenolics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inulin, arabinogalactans, beta-glucans, gum, mucilage are examples of?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Volatile oils, resins, saponins, phytosterols, carotenoids, cardiac glycosides, iridoids

    <p>Terpenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Isoquinoline and pyrrolizidine are examples of?

    <p>Alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

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