Phytochemical Compounds and Their Health Benefits
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of demulcents?

  • Promote laying down of granulation tissue
  • Speed up natural wound healing process
  • Soothe and protect irritated or inflamed internal tissue (correct)
  • Pull water into the colon

    • Which of these herbs is used for soothing the respiratory tract?

  • Licorice
  • Marshmallow root
  • Plantain (correct)
  • Vulnerary

    • What is mucilage described as?

  • It is an anti-diarrhetic
  • Have a toning and tightening effect due to ability to precipitate proteins and reduce secretions
  • It is a hemostatic
  • A group of polysaccharides that form a gel-like consistency when combined with water (correct)

    • Which herb can speed up the natural wound healing process?

    <p>Comfrey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tannins in herbal medicine?

    <p>Binding, tightening, &amp; drying effect on tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb can be used as a soothing expectorant?

    <p>Coltsfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of Aloe gel in herbal medicine?

    <p>Softening and soothing the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb can help in toning and tightening skin due to its ability to precipitate proteins & reduce secretions?

    <p>Horse chestnut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety concern is associated with high doses of Salicylates?

    <p>Toxic overdose can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vulnerary herbs in herbal medicine?

    <p>Speeding would healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of salicin, methyl salicylate, and salicylic acid?

    <p>Soothe and relieve pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of these phenolics?

    <p>Suppressing inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended usage pattern for salicin, methyl salicylate, and salicylic acid?

    <p>Low doses for long periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is mentioned as being used to stimulate and deplete Substance P in the text?

    <p>Cayenne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way these phenolics help reduce pain signal transduction along nerve fibers?

    <p>Inhibiting cell sodium dependent channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is NOT listed in the text as a source of these phenolics?

    <p>Dandelion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fever according to the text?

    <p>Naturally heals the body and should only be interfered with if too high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of flavonoids as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Reduce oxidative damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a therapeutic property of flavonoids?

    <p>Pro-inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of flavonoids in relation to dehydroascorbic acid and glutathione?

    <p>Prevent the reduction of dehydroascorbic acid via glutathione</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is NOT listed as a source of flavonoids in the text?

    <p>St. John's Wort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do flavonoids act as in the context of Redox regulation?

    <p>Electron transfer facilitators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscles do flavonoids help with in preventing spasms or cramping?

    <p>Smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of flavonoids in cellular aging according to the text?

    <p>Slow down cellular aging process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound's reduction is inhibited by flavonoids acting as H+ donors?

    <p>Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from being anti-inflammatory, what other therapeutic property do flavonoids exhibit according to the text?

    <p>Anti-viral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is known for acting directly against bacteria or viruses and stimulating innate immunological defenses?

    <p>Echinacea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant has safety concerns related to its potential irritating effects on mucous membranes and hemolytic properties?

    <p>Licorice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is classified as an anti-inflammatory affecting skin, nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, and circulatory system?

    <p>John's Wort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is mentioned to have a "soap-like" quality based on a steroid or triterpene fatsoluble base joined with a water-soluble sugar molecule?

    <p>Saponins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is considered an immunomodulator and deep immune tonic due to its action of stimulating T-suppressor cells, macrophages, NKC, WBCs, & antibodies?

    <p>Astragalus &amp; Reishi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herbs is mentioned as beneficially affecting the immune system responsiveness and supporting immune cells?

    <p>Astragalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is noted to be adaptogenic and helpful in convalescence according to the text?

    <p>Ginseng</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is known for possibly causing urticaria, sneezing, bloating, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting from its use?

    <p>Licorice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is classified as having hemolytic properties when administered intravenously or intramuscularly?

    <p>Saponins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of herbs are listed as medicinal mushrooms with immunomodulating properties?

    <p>Reishi, Shiitake, Chaga</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is classified as a bulking laxative and is known for its ability to pull water into the colon to soften and give bulk to stool?

    <p>Marshmallow root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of demulcents among the listed therapeutic properties in the text?

    <p>Softening, soothing, and protecting skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is mentioned for its toning and tightening effect due to its ability to precipitate proteins and reduce secretions?

    <p>Witch Hazel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one safety concern associated with high doses of Salicylates mentioned in the text?

    <p>Inducing transient hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is specifically noted for its soothing expectorant properties in the text?

    <p>Coltsfoot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of tannins as outlined in the text?

    <p>Binding, tightening, and drying effect on tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb mentioned in the text is known for its role in reducing inflammation across various systems like skin, nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, and circulatory system?

    <p>Comfrey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety concern is associated with herbs rich in hydrolysable tannins like Witch Hazel?

    <p>Hepatotoxic effects if taken internally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of herbs are mentioned as having safety concerns due to potential irritating effects on mucous membranes and hemolytic properties when administered intravenously or intramuscularly?

    <p>Saponins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is classified as an immunomodulator and deep immune tonic, stimulating T-suppressor cells, macrophages, NKC, WBCs, & antibodies?

    <p>Astragalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound in the text is mentioned to have a 'soap-like' quality based on a steroid or triterpene fatsoluble base joined with a water-soluble sugar molecule?

    <p>Saponins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb can be used for chronic or recurrent disease states and is adaptogenic to aid in convalescence?

    <p>Ginseng</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb acts directly against bacteria or viruses while stimulating innate immunological defenses?

    <p>Tea Tree Oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of saponins and polysaccharides mentioned in the text?

    <p>Strengthen the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of herbs are classified as beneficial for various body systems including skin, nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, and circulatory system?

    <p>Anti-Inflammatory herbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound listed in the text requires caution due to its potential irritating effects on mucous membranes and possible hemolytic properties?

    <p>Saponins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is known for its safety concerns including the possibility of causing urticaria, sneezing, bloating, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting?

    <p>Licorice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Wild yam and Licorice according to the text?

    <p>Benefiting immune responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic property of flavonoids as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Anti-fungal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of cramp bark (Viburnum opulus) according to the text?

    <p>Anti-spasmodic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound's reduction is specifically inhibited by flavonoids acting as H+ donors as per the text?

    <p>Dehydroascorbic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ginger (Zingiber officinale) based on the text?

    <p>Anti-allergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscles do flavonoids primarily help with in preventing spasms or cramping as discussed in the text?

    <p><strong>Skeletal</strong> muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant effect flavonoids have on cellular aging according to the text?

    <p><strong>Scavenging</strong> ROS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hops (Humulus lupulus) based on the text?

    <p><strong>Anti-inflammatory</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is classified as a vascular tonic according to the text?

    <p><strong>Turmeric</strong> - Curcuma longa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) based on the text?

    <p><strong>Anti-cancer</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) is especially noted for its action as:

    <p><strong>Anti-spasmodic / spasmolytics</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is mentioned in the text for its ability to help expel thick, copious mucus from the lungs and remove excess mucous from the body?

    <p>Wild Indigo - Baptisia tinctoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb listed in the text is highlighted for its hepatoprotective properties and support to Kuppfer cells?

    <p>Goldenseal - Hydrastis canadensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is emphasized in the text for being an adaptogen that spares cortisol and helps build resilience to stress?

    <p>Ginseng - Eleutherococcus senticosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is classified as an anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, and hormone modulating in the text?

    <p>Ashwagandha - Withania somnifera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant mentioned in the text is considered an aphrodisiac, antioxidant, and emmenagogue while also being a cardiac stimulant?

    <p>Ashwagandha - Withania somnifera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is highlighted in the text for its action in regulating adrenal function, helping to build resilience to stress, and improving energy and stamina?

    <p>Siberian Ginseng - Eleutherococcus senticosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Safety Concerns' related to alkaloids are mentioned in the text. Which herb indicates that alkaloids have the potential to be toxic and must adhere to maximum weekly and daily doses?

    <p>Deadly Nightshade - Atropa belladonna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to cellular aging, which group of herbs listed in the text is recognized for their role as adaptogens and convalescence support?

    <p>Siberian Ginseng - Eleutherococcus senticosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb listed in the text has a primary function related to being an immunomodulator that stimulates various immune cells and antibodies?

    <p>Siberian Ginseng - Eleutherococcus senticosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential safety concern associated with internal use of most essential oils?

    <p>Stimulation of heart muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic effect of resins and volatile oils based on the text?

    <p>Dilation of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb listed is highlighted for its hepatoprotective properties?

    <p>Tumeric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk of using aromatic herbs intravenously or intramuscularly?

    <p>Irritation to mucous membranes and potential hemolytic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of compounds promote ease of digestive system function according to the text?

    <p>Aromatic herbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of flavonoids in relation to spasms or cramping?

    <p>Preventing spasms or cramping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chamomile is especially noted for its action as:

    <p><strong>Carminatives</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of **tannins in herbal medicine?

    <p>Tone and tighten skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vulnerary herbs in herbal medicine?

    <p>Heal wounds and injuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vulneraries as described in the text?

    <p>To speed up natural wound healing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of astringents according to the text?

    <p>To bind, tighten, and dry tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is classified as having a drying effect on secretions in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Tannins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb mentioned in the text is known for its toning and tightening effect on skin due to precipitating proteins and reducing secretions?

    <p>Witch Hazel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using soothing expectorants based on the text?

    <p>To help with unproductive coughs by loosening mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of herbs are listed as beneficial for reducing mucous membrane irritation, inflammation, and swelling?

    <p>Demulcents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one safety concern associated with high doses of Salicylates mentioned in the text?

    <p>Potential hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbs in the text are classified as immune stimulants and can be used at the onset of cold or flu to fight pathogens?

    <p>Tee Tree Oil, Old Man's Beard, Echinacea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbs listed in the text draw blood from deeper parts of the body into the skin to benefit organs?

    <p>Mustard Seed, Cayenne, Castor Oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbs in the text are classified as nervine relaxants for their beneficial effects on the nervous system?

    <p>Oat tops, Passionflower, Lemon Balm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbs listed in the text have a dual function of stimulating and relaxing smooth muscles of the intestines depending on the body's needs?

    <p>Fennel, Chamomile, Lemon Balm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbs in the text can be used for chronic or recurrent disease states and have adaptogenic properties to aid in convalescence?

    <p>Peppermint, Oat tops, Lemon Balm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound mentioned in the text is classified as having hemolytic properties when taken intravenously or intramuscularly?

    <p>Saponins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nervine Stimulants' listed in the text have a beneficial effect on the nervous system by ____________.

    <p>Stimulating the nervous system to fight pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is highlighted in the text for its adaptogenic properties that help with convalescence in chronic or recurrent disease states?

    <p>Astragalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nervine Tonics' listed in the text have a beneficial effect on the nervous system by ____________.

    <p>Feeding and strengthening the nervous system in cases of debility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of compounds mentioned in the text is known to stimulate various immune cells, including T-suppressor cells, macrophages, NKC, WBCs, & antibodies?

    <p>Saponins + polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medicinal mushroom is recognized for its immunomodulating properties as mentioned in the text?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of herbs listed in the text is emphasized for its action on various body systems including skin, nervous system, digestive system, respiratory system, and circulatory system?

    <p>Aromatic herbs such as peppermint and lavender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of saponins and polysaccharides described in the text?

    <p>Feed and strengthen the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of licorice in the context of safety concerns highlighted in the text?

    <p>Can irritate mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is NOT listed as an immunomodulator and deep immune tonic according to the text?

    <p>Gotu Kola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common safety concern associated with Wild Yam based on the text?

    <p>Possibly causes urticaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of astragalus based on the text?

    <p>Convalescence support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant effect saponins and polysaccharides have on the immune system according to the text?

    <p>Benefit the responsiveness of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lignans are best described as

    <p>Polyphenolic indigestible plant fibres, often are metabolized by intestinal microbiota</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A coumarin is best described as what?

    <p>Often occur in glycosidic form with simple molecules having a vanilla-like door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkaloids are best described as what?

    <p>Mixed group of constituents containing nitrogen-bearing molecule (commonly found in flowering plants)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absolute contraindication for anthraquinone?

    <p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major constituent is responsible for stimulant laxative effects?

    <p>Anthraquinones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major herbs actions for lignins?

    <p>Phytoestrogenic, Antioxidant, Reduce Cholesterol, Nephro &amp; Hepatoprotective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how long is the delay for the stimulant laxative effects of anthraquinone?

    <p>6-8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the long term safety concerns of anthrquinones.

    <p>Dependence, electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia), dehydration, interfere w/ absorption of meds, peroxidation of lipids in enteric mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do the anticoagulant safety concern effects occur in coumarins?

    <p>After fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major herbal actions of alkaloids?

    <p>Anti-Spasmodic, Analgesic, Nerve Stimulant, Vasodilatory, Anti-Arrhythmic, Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Cancer, Psychotropic / Hallucinogenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbal constituent is activated by UV light, and can lead to photosensitivity rashes in some individuals?

    <p>Coumarins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one is not one of the three types of alkaloids?

    <p>Terpenoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saponins are a type of anti-catarrhal. What does that mean?

    <p>They thin and remove excess mucous from body (usually ear, nose, sinuses, and throat)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constituents have analgesic effects?

    <p>Alkaloids and salicylates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constitution have anti-cancer effects?

    <p>Flavonoids and Alkaloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constituents have a vulnerary effect?

    <p>Mucilage and Tannins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constituents have an anti-inflammatory effect?

    <p>Salicylates, Flavonoids, Volatile Oils, Saponins, and Coumarins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constituents have an anti-spasmodic effect?

    <p>Flavonoids, Saponins, and Alkalkoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which constituents have an anti-bacterial effect?

    <p>Alkaloids and Flavonoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between volatile oils, with anti-microbial properties/immune stimulants, and Saponins, the immunomodulators/immune tonics?

    <p>Saponins support the cells involved in our immune defense (i.e., T-suppressor cells, macrophages...), while volatile oils act as &quot;immune boosters&quot; and act directly against bacteria or virus and stimulate innate immunological defences</p> Signup and view all the answers

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