Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a measurement used to monitor acid/base balance?

  • Measurement of blood flow (correct)
  • Measurement of oxygenation
  • Measurement of acid/base status
  • Measurement of ventilation

    • What does a pH value below 7.35 indicate?

  • Alkalosis
  • Hypoxemia
  • Hypercarbia
  • Acidosis (correct)

    • What does an elevated PaCO2 level reflect?

  • Adequacy of alveolar ventilation (correct)
  • Acid-base balance
  • Oxygenation
  • Blood flow

    • Which of the following is a common symptom of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak incidence of RSV?

    <p>January-February</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a management option for status asthmaticus?

    <p>Magnesium sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of hospitalization in children under 1 year old?

    <p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used in the management of status asthmaticus to improve airway edema and inflammatory processes?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target level of magnesium sulfate in the management of status asthmaticus?

    <p>4mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used as an adjunct therapy in the management of status asthmaticus to relax bronchial smooth muscles?

    <p>Anticholinergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of inhaled beta-agonists in the management of status asthmaticus?

    <p>Sinus tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following measurements is used to assess acid-base balance?

    <p>Measurement of acid/base status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pH value above 7.45 indicate?

    <p>Alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflects the adequacy of alveolar ventilation?

    <p>PaCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a PaO2 value below 60 mmHg indicate?

    <p>Hypoxemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause an increase in ETCO2?

    <p>Increased CO2 production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause a decrease in ETCO2?

    <p>Decreased pulmonary capillary blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should hypoventilation always raise concern for?

    <p>Neuronal anomaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what control is respiration?

    <p>Neural and chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of bronchiolitis caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak incidence of bronchiolitis caused by RSV?

    <p>January-February</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of hospitalization in children under 1 year old?

    <p>Bronchiolitis caused by RSV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary management option for bronchiolitis caused by RSV?

    <p>Fluid management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of status asthmaticus?

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used in the management of status asthmaticus to relax bronchial smooth muscles?

    <p>Inhaled beta2 agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of inhaled beta-agonists in the management of status asthmaticus?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an elevated PaCO2 level reflect?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used in the management of status asthmaticus to relax bronchial smooth muscles?

    <p>Anticholinergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target level of magnesium sulfate in the management of status asthmaticus?

    <p>4mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of inhaled beta-agonists in the management of status asthmaticus?

    <p>Sinus tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a management option for status asthmaticus?

    <p>Magnesium Sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak incidence of RSV?

    <p>Infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of hospitalization in children under 1 year old?

    <p>Bronchiolitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

    <p>Wheezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pH value below 7.35 indicate?

    <p>Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used as an adjunct therapy in the management of status asthmaticus to relax bronchial smooth muscles?

    <p>Anticholinergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acid/Base Balance Monitoring

    • pH value below 7.35 indicates acidosis.
    • pH value above 7.45 indicates alkalosis.
    • Measurements used for acid-base balance include arterial blood gases (ABGs) and PaCO2 levels; non-specific assessments do not apply.
    • PaCO2 level reflects carbon dioxide retention, often associated with respiratory disorders.
    • PaO2 value below 60 mmHg indicates severe hypoxemia, requiring urgent intervention.
    • Adequacy of alveolar ventilation is gauged through the measurement of ETCO2 levels.
    • Hypoventilation raises concerns for respiratory failure, requiring immediate evaluation.

    Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

    • Common symptoms of RSV include wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
    • Peak incidence of RSV occurs in infants during the winter months, particularly affecting those under 1 year old.
    • Leading cause of hospitalization in children under 1 year old is bronchiolitis caused by RSV.
    • Primary management option for RSV bronchiolitis is supportive care, including hydration and monitoring.

    Status Asthmaticus Management

    • Common symptoms of status asthmaticus include severe shortness of breath, chest tightness, and rapid breathing.
    • Medications used in management include:
      • Inhaled beta-agonists to relax bronchial smooth muscles, with common side effects like tachycardia and tremors.
      • Magnesium sulfate to reduce airway edema and enhance anti-inflammatory responses; target level is monitored closely.
      • Adjunct therapies also include systemic corticosteroids.
    • Non-management options do not include certain sedatives that could worsen respiratory function.

    Other Considerations

    • ETCO2 levels may increase due to hypoventilation, while conditions like hyperventilation can lead to decreased ETCO2.
    • Research shows strong control of respiration is mediated by both central and peripheral chemoreceptors.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of basic physiology, including gas exchange in the lungs, acid-base balance, and the measurement of oxygenation, ventilation, and acid/base status. Learn about the indications, symptoms, and utility of monitoring patients requiring respiratory support measures.

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