Physiology Quiz on Fluid Dynamics and Infusions

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What is the effect of infusing 2 liters of a hypertonic 3.0% NaCl solution into the extracellular fluid?

Results in no change to fluid volumes

Increases extracellular fluid volume by more than 5 liters (correct)

Increases intracellular fluid volume by 3 liters

Decreases extracellular fluid osmolarity to below 280 mOsm/L

What is the initial osmolarity of plasma before the infusion of hypertonic saline?

300 mOsm/L

260 mOsm/L

290 mOsm/L

280 mOsm/L (correct)

How many miliosmoles are added to the extracellular fluid after the infusion of 2 liters of hypertonic saline?

2052 miliosmoles (correct)

1026 miliosmoles

1500 miliosmoles

513 miliosmoles

What tends to occur after glucose solutions are administered?

They often leave an excess of water after metabolism (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hypertonic saline on intracellular fluid volume immediately after infusion?

Decreases intracellular fluid volume (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are glucose solutions typically administered at isotonic concentrations or slowly?

To prevent osmotic imbalance in body fluids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the concentration of cations in plasma compared to interstitial fluid due to the Donnan effect?

It is slightly greater in plasma. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of administering hypertonic saline on the intracellular fluid after osmotic equilibrium is established?

Decreases the intracellular fluid significantly (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of extensive burns regarding fluid loss?

Water loss can reach 3-5 L/day. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What must an indicator do for the indicator-dilution method to accurately measure fluid volumes?

It must disperse evenly throughout the compartment being measured. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the kidneys after excess water remains in the body following nutrient metabolism?

They excrete very dilute urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about negatively charged ions in plasma and interstitial fluid is true?

They tend to have a higher concentration in interstitial fluid. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do negatively charged plasma proteins play regarding cations?

They bind cations and retain them in plasma. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the ionic composition of plasma compared to interstitial fluid?

Ionic composition is similar overall. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which requirement is NOT necessary for the indicator-dilution principle to work effectively?

The indicator should be metabolized. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the constituents of extracellular and intracellular fluids?

Anions are more concentrated in plasma than interstitial fluid. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the total mass of a substance after it is dispensed in a fluid compartment?

It remains the same as the injected mass. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences the distribution of extracellular fluid between plasma and interstitial spaces?

The balance of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does osmosis occur across a selectively permeable membrane?

From a region of high to low water concentration. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes osmolarity from osmolality?

Osmolarity is per liter of solution, while osmolality is per kilogram of water. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many osmoles are produced from one mole of NaCl in solution?

Two osmoles. (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to van't Hoff's law, what is the osmotic pressure based on?

The assumption that the cell membrane is impermeable to the solute. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmolar concentration of a solution containing 1 mole of glucose per liter?

1 osm/L. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What amount of NaCl is present in a 0.9% NaCl solution per liter?

9 g. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmolarity of a NaCl solution with a molarity of 0.154 mol/L?

0.308 osm/L (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a concentration gradient of impermeant solutes on osmotic pressure across the cell membrane?

It exerts a pressure of 19.3 mm Hg per milliosmole. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can cause large changes in cell volume due to osmotic forces?

Changes in impermeant solute concentrations in extracellular fluid. (C) Signup and view all the answers

At what osmolarity does the intracellular fluid lie when the membrane is exposed to pure water?

282 mOsm/L (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential osmotic pressure of a solution with an osmolarity of 308 mOsm/L?

5944 mm Hg (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that causes changes in extracellular and intracellular volumes?

Increased exercise (D) Signup and view all the answers

How often do the osmolarities of intracellular and extracellular fluids remain equal?

Almost exactly equal except for a few minutes after changes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding cell membranes and solutes?

Many solutes cannot permeate cell membranes, maintaining osmole constancy. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of acute hyponatremia that affects brain function?

Brain cell edema (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold plasma sodium concentration below which brain swelling may lead to severe symptoms?

115 to 120 mmol/L (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly associated with cell shrinkage?

Hypernatremia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factor can increase capillary filtration rate?

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers