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Questions and Answers
Which type of nerves carry unconscious physiological sensations to the CNS?
Which type of nerves carry unconscious physiological sensations to the CNS?
What is referred pain?
What is referred pain?
Which nerve is responsible for vasodilation and bronchoconstriction in the Pulmonary Plexus?
Which nerve is responsible for vasodilation and bronchoconstriction in the Pulmonary Plexus?
What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart rate?
What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart rate?
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What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the force of heart contractions?
What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the force of heart contractions?
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Which spinal cord levels are associated with the cardiac plexus?
Which spinal cord levels are associated with the cardiac plexus?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting parasympathetic signals for lacrimation?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting parasympathetic signals for lacrimation?
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What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic response?
Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic response?
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Which nerve carries visceral afferent fibers?
Which nerve carries visceral afferent fibers?
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What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart?
What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart?
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Which ganglion is responsible for transmitting parasympathetic signals for salivation?
Which ganglion is responsible for transmitting parasympathetic signals for salivation?
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What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
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Which of the following organs is NOT innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)?
Which of the following organs is NOT innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)?
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Which spinal segments do sympathetics to body wall and limbs originate from?
Which spinal segments do sympathetics to body wall and limbs originate from?
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What is the name of the nerves that exit the sympathetic chain to innervate abdominal viscera?
What is the name of the nerves that exit the sympathetic chain to innervate abdominal viscera?
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What is the name of the response elicited by the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the name of the response elicited by the sympathetic nervous system?
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Where do preganglionics synapse before exiting the sympathetic chain?
Where do preganglionics synapse before exiting the sympathetic chain?
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What is the name of the nerves that innervate the thoracic viscera?
What is the name of the nerves that innervate the thoracic viscera?
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Which spinal segments do sympathetics to abdominal viscera originate from?
Which spinal segments do sympathetics to abdominal viscera originate from?
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What is the name of the nerves that innervate the pelvic viscera?
What is the name of the nerves that innervate the pelvic viscera?
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Where do preganglionics originating from T1-T4 synapse?
Where do preganglionics originating from T1-T4 synapse?
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What is the name of the type of nerves that innervate the body wall and limbs above T1 level?
What is the name of the type of nerves that innervate the body wall and limbs above T1 level?
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Where do preganglionics originating from T5-T9 exit the sympathetic chain?
Where do preganglionics originating from T5-T9 exit the sympathetic chain?
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Study Notes
Visceral Afferents and Referred Pain
- Visceral afferents traveling with parasympathetic nerves carry unconscious physiological sensations to the CNS
- Visceral afferents traveling with sympathetic nerves carry pain sensations to the CNS
- Referred pain occurs when sensory information comes from one location but is interpreted as coming from another location innervated by the same spinal cord level
- Example: Heart attack pain is referred from the heart to the T1-T4 dermatomes
Pulmonary Plexus
- Sympathetic nerves (T1-T4) cause vasoconstriction and bronchodilation
- Parasympathetic nerves (Vagus nerve) cause vasodilation and bronchoconstriction
Cardiac Plexus
- Sympathetic nerves (T1-T4) increase heart rate and force of contraction
- Parasympathetic nerves (Vagus nerve) decrease heart rate and force of contraction
Parasympathetic Ganglia
- Facial (CN VII) nerve:
- Preganglionic: CN VII, Greater petrosal nerve, Pterygopalatine (PT) ganglion
- Postganglionic: Pterygopalatine (PT) ganglion, Lacrimal gland (lacrimation)
- Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) nerve:
- Preganglionic: CN IX, Lesser petrosal nerve, Otic ganglion
- Postganglionic: Otic ganglion, Auriculotemporal nerve, Parotid gland (salivation)
- Vagus (CN X) nerve:
- Preganglionic: CN X, Ganglia in the target tissue
- Postganglionic: Targets include foregut to midgut, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine to 2/3 transverse colon
Sympathetic Motor Neuron Path
- Sympathetic motor neurons have cell bodies in the lateral horn of spinal segments T1-L2
- Preganglionic sympathetic neurons synapse in sympathetic chain ganglia
- Postganglionic sympathetic neurons exit the chain via gray rami to spinal nerves T1-L2
Sympathetic Responses
- Fight, Fright, and Flight response
- 3 increases:
- Increase heart rate
- Increase diameter of airways (bronchodilation)
- Increase diameter of pupils
- 3 decreases:
- Decrease heart rate
- Decrease diameter of airways (bronchoconstriction)
- Decrease diameter of pupils (constriction)
Parasympathetic Responses
- Rest and Digest response
- Stimulation (SLUDD):
- Salivation (S)
- Lacrimation (L)
- Urination (U)
- Digestion (D)
- Defecation (D)
- 3 decreases:
- Decrease heart rate
- Decrease diameter of airways (bronchoconstriction)
- Decrease diameter of pupils (constriction)
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Description
Quiz on the role of visceral afferents in carrying physiological sensations and pain to the CNS, and the concept of referred pain. Explore the relationship between spinal cord levels and pain interpretation.
