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Questions and Answers
Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle?
What initiates the depolarization of the nerves and muscles of both atria, causing them to contract and pump blood into the ventricles?
What causes the ventricles to contract and force blood into the pulmonary and general circulation?
What is the record of the heart's potentials on the skin called?
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Where are special muscle cells located that control the rhythmical action of the heart?
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What is the major electrical event of the normal heart cycle associated with the QRS complex?
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Which lead in ECG measures the potential between the left arm and the left leg?
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What does ventricular tachycardia result from?
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What does a cardiac rate slower than 60 beats per minute indicate?
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What is the purpose of artificial pacemakers for patients with faulty AV nodes?
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What initiates the depolarization of the ventricles, causing them to contract and force blood into the pulmonary and general circulation?
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What is the purpose of the Sinoatrial (SA) node or pacemaker?
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What results from a cardiac rate slower than 60 beats per minute?
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What causes the atria to contract and pump blood into the ventricles?
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What records the heart's potentials on the skin?
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What is the major electrical event of the normal heart cycle associated with the P wave?
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In Lead I of an ECG, the potential is measured between which two locations?
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Which rhythm is characterized by the absence of P waves on an ECG?
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What does ventricular tachycardia result from?
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Where are the two apices located in Einthoven's Triangle?
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Study Notes
Heart Function and ECG
- The right atrium receives blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
- The SA node (pacemaker) initiates the depolarization of the nerves and muscles of both atria, causing them to contract and pump blood into the ventricles.
- The AV node initiates the depolarization of the ventricles, causing them to contract and force blood into the pulmonary and general circulation.
ECG Measurements
- The electrocardiogram (ECG) records the heart's potentials on the skin.
- Lead I of an ECG measures the potential between the right and left arms.
- Lead II of an ECG measures the potential between the right arm and the left leg.
Heart Rhythms and Pacemakers
- Ventricular tachycardia results from rapid heartbeats that start in the ventricles.
- A cardiac rate slower than 60 beats per minute indicates bradycardia.
- Artificial pacemakers are used for patients with faulty AV nodes to regulate the heartbeat.
- The purpose of the SA node or pacemaker is to initiate the heartbeat.
Anatomy and ECG Analysis
- Special muscle cells, called the SA node, are located in the right atrium and control the rhythmical action of the heart.
- The apices of Einthoven's Triangle are located on the shoulders and the pubic bone.
- The P wave is the major electrical event of the normal heart cycle associated with the atrial contraction.
- The QRS complex is the major electrical event of the normal heart cycle associated with the ventricular contraction.
- Atrioventricular (AV) dissociation is characterized by the absence of P waves on an ECG.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the physiology of the cardiovascular system, including the functions of the heart chambers, blood flow, and the role of the Sinoatrial (SA) node or pacemaker.
