Heart Chambers and Valves Quiz

The upper chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.

The lower chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.

One of the four heart valves, located between the right atrium and right ventricle, controls blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle.

One of the four heart valves, located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, controls blood flow from the ventricle to the lungs.

The largest vein in the body that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart's right atrium.

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral valve to the left ventricle during late diastole (30%).

Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the aorta and the rest of the body, delivering oxygen to all tissues and organs.

These valves prevent backflow from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction.

This valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, and it has three cusps: anterior, septal, and posterior.

This valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. It has three cusps: left coronary, right coronary, and posterior.

An abnormal awareness of the heart beats, which can be regular or irregular.

A systolic murmur caused by a narrowed aortic valve, leading to increased pressure in the left ventricle. This increased pressure can cause a 'heaving' heart.

A diastolic murmur caused by a narrowed mitral valve. It can feel like a forceful S1 due to the strong closure of the valve.

Due to increased blood volume in the ventricle, the heart becomes more forceful.

A pulsating feeling that can be felt in the chest or neck due to turbulent blood flow, often caused by a leaky heart valve.

The most visible and palpable point on the heart, located at the lowermost outer area of the left ventricle's pulsation.

Normally found in the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line, also known as the 'nipple line'.

The apex shifts outward and becomes diffuse (weak) in cases of right ventricular hypertrophy.

The apex shifts outward and downward, often localized and forceful, indicating left ventricular hypertrophy.

The apex is localized and felt mainly in one intercostal space, a characteristic of left ventricular hypertrophy.

The sound produced by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.

The sound produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.

A heart sound caused by vibrations of the ventricles during rapid filling in diastole.

A heart sound caused by the forceful contraction of the atria against a stiff ventricle during diastole.

A palpable murmur, meaning it can be felt as well as heard.

A diagnostic imaging technique that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function.

A specialized type of echocardiography that measures blood flow velocity and direction within the heart. It helps assess heart valve function and blood flow patterns.

The process of blood circulation in a developing fetus, where the heart receives oxygenated blood from the placenta via the umbilical vein and bypasses the lungs.

A small opening between the right and left atria of the fetal heart, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

A blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetal heart, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the atria contract to push blood into the ventricles. It's represented by the P-wave on an ECG.

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract, forcing the AV valves closed and preventing backflow of blood into the atria. This is marked by the QRS complex on an ECG.

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the semilunar valves open, allowing blood to be ejected from the ventricles to the lungs and the aorta. This is also part of ventricular systole.

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the semilunar valves close, preventing backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery. Blood flows into the atria during this stage.

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the chambers fully relax, allowing passive filling of the ventricles with blood. This is the end of the cycle.

This is where oxygen-rich blood from the placenta flows back to the fetus through the umbilical cord.

This condition occurs when the ductus arteriosus remains open after birth, allowing oxygenated blood from the aorta to mix with deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery.

These heart defects cause a bluish discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygen in the blood. Examples include Tetralogy of Fallot which can cause symptoms like squatting, cyanosis, and clubbing of fingers.

These heart defects typically don't cause cyanosis. Examples include patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, and ventricular septal defect, which can cause symptoms like fatigue and murmurs.

A condition where the heart beats abnormally fast, often causing a fluttering or racing sensation in the chest.

A heart condition characterized by four main components: pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

A narrowing of the pulmonary valve or the outflow tract of the right ventricle, making it harder for blood to reach the lungs.

The aorta is positioned so it receives blood from both ventricles, not just the left ventricle like usual.

A large hole in the wall separating the right and left ventricles.

A common symptom of Tetralogy of Fallot, where the skin, especially the lips and nails, appears blue due to a shortage of oxygen in the blood.

A congenital heart defect where the heart's upper chambers (atria) have a hole between them, allowing blood to flow between the right and left atria.

A congenital heart defect where the heart's lower chambers (ventricles) have a hole between them, allowing blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle.

A congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus, a fetal blood vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery, remains open after birth. This allows oxygen-rich blood from the aorta to flow into the pulmonary artery, increasing blood flow to the lungs.

A congenital heart defect characterized by four abnormalities, including a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis (PS), overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

A congenital heart defect characterized by the complete reversal of the aorta and pulmonary artery positions, causing deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to be pumped to the body.