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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of dumping syndrome?

  • Malabsorption of lactose
  • Macrocytic pernicious anemia from diminished vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption
  • Nutritional deficiency leading to wasting
  • Rapid entry of hypertonic meals into the intestine (correct)

    • Which of the following is a consequence of the rapid absorption of glucose in dumping syndrome?

  • Rapid hypoglycemia (correct)
  • Macrocytic pernicious anemia
  • Wasting from nutritional deficiency
  • Osteomalacia due to lack of calcium

    • What is the mechanism by which hypertonic meals cause dumping syndrome?

  • Exogenous enzymes allow individuals to consume lactose with severe malabsorption
  • The rapid entry of hypertonic meals into the intestine provokes the movement of large amounts of water into the gut (correct)
  • The gastric reservoir is lost, leading to interference with GI hormone signaling
  • The rapid absorption of glucose leads to rapid hypoglycemia

    • Which of the following is a nutritional deficiency associated with malabsorption in individuals with severe lactose intolerance?

    <p>Macrocytic pernicious anemia from diminished vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for dumping syndrome?

    <p>Restriction of hypertonic meals and small, frequent feedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of chronic gastritis?

    <p>Excessive alcohol intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax?

    <p>Achalasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main implication of the loss of pancreatic secretion in pancreatitis?

    <p>Reduced absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with villi becoming blunted or destroyed in the small intestine?

    <p>Gluten enteropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in megaesophagus?

    <p>Dilation of the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component protects Vitamin B12 in the stomach for later absorption?

    <p>Intrinsic factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chronic gastritis, what substance damages the tight junctions between cells allowing back-leak of H+ ions?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

    <p>Excessive secretion of acid and pepsin by gastric mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does gluten have on intestinal enterocytes in celiac disease?

    <p>Decreases absorptive surface twofold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is associated with a failure of glottis to close properly, leading to food entering the lungs?

    <p>Megaesophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is associated with the esophagus?

    <p>Esophageal strictures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gastritis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of pancreatitis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by an inability to tolerate gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye?

    <p>Celiac disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dumping syndrome?

    <p>Gastric bypass surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of malabsorption in individuals with celiac disease or gluten enteropathy?

    <p>Gluten's destructive effect on intestinal enterocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of malabsorption?

    <p>Steatorrhea (excess fats in the stools)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for gluten enteropathy or celiac disease?

    <p>Elimination of gluten from the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of severe malabsorption?

    <p>Macrocytic pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of lactose intolerance mentioned in the text?

    <p>Lack of lactase enzyme in the intestinal enterocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely diagnosis for the patient experiencing symptoms after ingesting sugary beverages?

    <p>Dumping syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is most likely responsible for gastric ulcer formation?

    <p>Back-leak of hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option will eliminate acid secretion during the gastric phase of digestion in a patient with peptic ulcer disease?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the patient who added high fiber to her diet, which is most likely increased?

    <p>Fecal fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is the likely origin of impulses to the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) that induce vomiting due to rapid body motion?

    <p>Vestibular nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by the inability to relax the lower esophageal sphincter?

    <p>Achalasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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