31 Questions
What is the primary cause of dumping syndrome?
Rapid entry of hypertonic meals into the intestine
Which of the following is a consequence of the rapid absorption of glucose in dumping syndrome?
Rapid hypoglycemia
What is the mechanism by which hypertonic meals cause dumping syndrome?
The rapid entry of hypertonic meals into the intestine provokes the movement of large amounts of water into the gut
Which of the following is a nutritional deficiency associated with malabsorption in individuals with severe lactose intolerance?
Macrocytic pernicious anemia from diminished vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption
What is the primary treatment for dumping syndrome?
Restriction of hypertonic meals and small, frequent feedings
What is the most common cause of chronic gastritis?
Excessive alcohol intake
Which disorder is characterized by a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax?
Achalasia
What is the main implication of the loss of pancreatic secretion in pancreatitis?
Reduced absorption of nutrients
Which condition is associated with villi becoming blunted or destroyed in the small intestine?
Gluten enteropathy
What happens in megaesophagus?
Dilation of the esophagus
Which component protects Vitamin B12 in the stomach for later absorption?
Intrinsic factor
In chronic gastritis, what substance damages the tight junctions between cells allowing back-leak of H+ ions?
Alcohol
What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?
Excessive secretion of acid and pepsin by gastric mucosa
What effect does gluten have on intestinal enterocytes in celiac disease?
Decreases absorptive surface twofold
Which disorder is associated with a failure of glottis to close properly, leading to food entering the lungs?
Megaesophagus
Which of the following disorders is associated with the esophagus?
Esophageal strictures
What is the primary cause of gastritis?
All of the above
Which of the following is a potential consequence of pancreatitis?
All of the above
Which disorder is characterized by an inability to tolerate gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye?
Celiac disease
What is the primary cause of dumping syndrome?
Gastric bypass surgery
What is the primary cause of malabsorption in individuals with celiac disease or gluten enteropathy?
Gluten's destructive effect on intestinal enterocytes
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of malabsorption?
Steatorrhea (excess fats in the stools)
What is the primary treatment for gluten enteropathy or celiac disease?
Elimination of gluten from the diet
Which of the following is a consequence of severe malabsorption?
Macrocytic pernicious anemia
What is the primary cause of lactose intolerance mentioned in the text?
Lack of lactase enzyme in the intestinal enterocytes
What is the likely diagnosis for the patient experiencing symptoms after ingesting sugary beverages?
Dumping syndrome
Which of the following is most likely responsible for gastric ulcer formation?
Back-leak of hydrogen ions
Which option will eliminate acid secretion during the gastric phase of digestion in a patient with peptic ulcer disease?
Proton pump inhibitor
In the patient who added high fiber to her diet, which is most likely increased?
Fecal fat
Which area is the likely origin of impulses to the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) that induce vomiting due to rapid body motion?
Vestibular nuclei
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the inability to relax the lower esophageal sphincter?
Achalasia
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