40 Questions
What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) binding to V1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle?
Vasoconstriction
What triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to changes in blood volume?
Decreased blood volume/hypotension
What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on electrolyte levels?
No effect on electrolyte levels
What is the cause of central/neurogenic type of diabetes insipidus?
Defect in synthesis/release of ADH
What is the result of increased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Water retention and increased blood pressure
What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) binding to V2 receptors in the collecting duct of the nephron?
Water retention
What is the cause of nephrogenic type of diabetes insipidus?
Impaired kidney response to ADH
What is the trigger for the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to stress?
Pain or trauma
Which of the following is a cause of SIADH?
Ectopic ADH produced by diseased lung tissue
What is the primary goal of treatment in Diabetes Insipidus?
Replace ADH with synthetic ADH
What is the characteristic urine output in SIADH?
Decreased
What is the consequence of untreated Diabetes Insipidus?
Dehydration
What is the mechanism of V2 Receptor Antagonist in SIADH treatment?
Blocks V2 receptors and blocks ADH action in the kidney
What is the primary symptom of Diabetes Insipidus?
Polyuria
What is the effect of SIADH on blood sodium levels?
Decreases blood sodium levels
What is the nursing problem associated with SIADH?
Fluid overload
What is the primary problem in Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Insulin receptors are not functioning properly
What is the name of the type of hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in Type 1 diabetes?
Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
What is the result of insulin resistance in the liver?
The liver continues to break down glycogen and release it into the blood
What is the term for high blood sugar levels?
Hyperglycemia
What is the role of insulin in the body?
To move glucose into the cell
What is the consequence of the cell not receiving glucose for fuel?
The cell begins to break down body proteins and fats
What is the characteristic of the pancreas in Type 1 diabetes?
It stops producing insulin
What is the contributing factor to Type 2 diabetes that is heavily lifestyle-based?
Sedentary lifestyle and obesity
What is fat considered to be, in addition to its role in storing energy?
An endocrine organ
What is a possible reason why obesity contributes to type 2 diabetes?
Downregulation of insulin receptors in cells
What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in diabetes?
Glucose remaining in the bloodstream because it cannot enter the cell
What is the name of the test that measures average blood glucose control over the past 3 months?
Hemoglobin A1C Test
What is the normal range for Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)?
Below 6%
What is the primary cause of polyuria in diabetes?
Limited glucose reabsorption in the kidneys
What is the term for the process by which glucose combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Glycosylation
What is the typical range of Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) in diabetic patients?
Above 7%
What is the primary cause of long-term complications in diabetes?
Chronically high blood glucose levels
What is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy?
Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
What is a complication of diabetic retinopathy?
Retinal detachment
What is a symptom of diabetic gastroparesis?
Bloating and feeling full
Why do people with diabetic neuropathy have an increased risk of falls?
Because they may not feel injuries to their feet
What is a complication of diabetic nephropathy?
Protein in the urine
Why is it important to control blood glucose levels?
To prevent long-term complications
What is a characteristic of long-term complications of diabetes?
They are often irreversible
This quiz covers the normal physiology of the endocrine system, focusing on the antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin) and its functions, including vasoconstriction and water retention.
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