Physiology of Endocrine System: Antidiuretic Hormone
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) binding to V1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle?

  • Water retention
  • Vasodilation
  • Vasoconstriction (correct)
  • Increased heart rate

    • What triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to changes in blood volume?

  • Decreased blood volume/hypotension (correct)
  • Increased serum osmolality
  • Increased blood volume
  • Normal blood pressure

    • What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on electrolyte levels?

  • No effect on electrolyte levels (correct)
  • Increase in sodium levels
  • Increase in potassium levels
  • Decrease in potassium levels

    • What is the cause of central/neurogenic type of diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Defect in synthesis/release of ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Water retention and increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) binding to V2 receptors in the collecting duct of the nephron?

    <p>Water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of nephrogenic type of diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Impaired kidney response to ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trigger for the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to stress?

    <p>Pain or trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of SIADH?

    <p>Ectopic ADH produced by diseased lung tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment in Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Replace ADH with synthetic ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic urine output in SIADH?

    <p>Decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of untreated Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of V2 Receptor Antagonist in SIADH treatment?

    <p>Blocks V2 receptors and blocks ADH action in the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of SIADH on blood sodium levels?

    <p>Decreases blood sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nursing problem associated with SIADH?

    <p>Fluid overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary problem in Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Insulin receptors are not functioning properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of insulin resistance in the liver?

    <p>The liver continues to break down glycogen and release it into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for high blood sugar levels?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of insulin in the body?

    <p>To move glucose into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the cell not receiving glucose for fuel?

    <p>The cell begins to break down body proteins and fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the pancreas in Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>It stops producing insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contributing factor to Type 2 diabetes that is heavily lifestyle-based?

    <p>Sedentary lifestyle and obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fat considered to be, in addition to its role in storing energy?

    <p>An endocrine organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible reason why obesity contributes to type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Downregulation of insulin receptors in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in diabetes?

    <p>Glucose remaining in the bloodstream because it cannot enter the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test that measures average blood glucose control over the past 3 months?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1C Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)?

    <p>Below 6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of polyuria in diabetes?

    <p>Limited glucose reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which glucose combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells?

    <p>Glycosylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical range of Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) in diabetic patients?

    <p>Above 7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of long-term complications in diabetes?

    <p>Chronically high blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy?

    <p>Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of diabetic retinopathy?

    <p>Retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of diabetic gastroparesis?

    <p>Bloating and feeling full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people with diabetic neuropathy have an increased risk of falls?

    <p>Because they may not feel injuries to their feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of diabetic nephropathy?

    <p>Protein in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to control blood glucose levels?

    <p>To prevent long-term complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of long-term complications of diabetes?

    <p>They are often irreversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

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