Physiology of Endocrine System: Antidiuretic Hormone
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) binding to V1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle?

  • Water retention
  • Vasodilation
  • Vasoconstriction (correct)
  • Increased heart rate

What triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to changes in blood volume?

  • Decreased blood volume/hypotension (correct)
  • Increased serum osmolality
  • Increased blood volume
  • Normal blood pressure

What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on electrolyte levels?

  • No effect on electrolyte levels (correct)
  • Increase in sodium levels
  • Increase in potassium levels
  • Decrease in potassium levels

What is the cause of central/neurogenic type of diabetes insipidus?

<p>Defect in synthesis/release of ADH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

<p>Water retention and increased blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) binding to V2 receptors in the collecting duct of the nephron?

<p>Water retention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of nephrogenic type of diabetes insipidus?

<p>Impaired kidney response to ADH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trigger for the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to stress?

<p>Pain or trauma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of SIADH?

<p>Ectopic ADH produced by diseased lung tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment in Diabetes Insipidus?

<p>Replace ADH with synthetic ADH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic urine output in SIADH?

<p>Decreased (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of untreated Diabetes Insipidus?

<p>Dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of V2 Receptor Antagonist in SIADH treatment?

<p>Blocks V2 receptors and blocks ADH action in the kidney (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Diabetes Insipidus?

<p>Polyuria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of SIADH on blood sodium levels?

<p>Decreases blood sodium levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nursing problem associated with SIADH?

<p>Fluid overload (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary problem in Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

<p>Insulin receptors are not functioning properly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in Type 1 diabetes?

<p>Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of insulin resistance in the liver?

<p>The liver continues to break down glycogen and release it into the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for high blood sugar levels?

<p>Hyperglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of insulin in the body?

<p>To move glucose into the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the cell not receiving glucose for fuel?

<p>The cell begins to break down body proteins and fats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pancreas in Type 1 diabetes?

<p>It stops producing insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contributing factor to Type 2 diabetes that is heavily lifestyle-based?

<p>Sedentary lifestyle and obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fat considered to be, in addition to its role in storing energy?

<p>An endocrine organ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible reason why obesity contributes to type 2 diabetes?

<p>Downregulation of insulin receptors in cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in diabetes?

<p>Glucose remaining in the bloodstream because it cannot enter the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test that measures average blood glucose control over the past 3 months?

<p>Hemoglobin A1C Test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)?

<p>Below 6% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of polyuria in diabetes?

<p>Limited glucose reabsorption in the kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which glucose combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells?

<p>Glycosylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) in diabetic patients?

<p>Above 7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of long-term complications in diabetes?

<p>Chronically high blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of diabetic neuropathy?

<p>Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of diabetic retinopathy?

<p>Retinal detachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of diabetic gastroparesis?

<p>Bloating and feeling full (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do people with diabetic neuropathy have an increased risk of falls?

<p>Because they may not feel injuries to their feet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of diabetic nephropathy?

<p>Protein in the urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to control blood glucose levels?

<p>To prevent long-term complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of long-term complications of diabetes?

<p>They are often irreversible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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