54 Questions
Which condition involves the release of too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH) resulting in water retention and decreased urine output?
SIADH
What is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism?
Autoimmune reaction
Which symptom is characteristic of hyperthyroidism?
Exophthalmos (bulged eyes)
What is the main treatment for SIADH?
Fluid restriction
Which diagnostic test is commonly used for hyperthyroidism?
Radioactive iodine uptake
What effect does SIADH have on the body's fluid volume?
Increases fluid volume
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?
Autoimmune reaction
Which symptom is not typically associated with SIADH?
Increased urine output
In hyperthyroidism, what is the main effect on the metabolic rate?
Increased metabolic rate
Which of the following is a common treatment for hyperthyroidism?
Medications to block hormone production
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with SIADH?
Hypernatremia (high sodium levels)
What is a potential complication of untreated hyperthyroidism related to the eyes?
Double vision (diplopia)
What is the key feature of Myxedema?
Thick and dry skin
What is the most common cause of HYPOparathyroidism?
Inadvertent removal of parathyroids during thyroidectomy
What is the main role of Mineralocorticoids?
Maintaining water and electrolyte balance
What is the classic physical characteristic associated with Cushing's Disease?
Moon face
What is the primary cause of Addison's Disease?
Pituitary hypofunction
What is the main symptom of Pheochromocytoma?
Severe headache
What causes Acromegaly in adults?
Overproduction of somatotropin (GH)
What is the main nursing intervention for patients with Acromegaly?
Supportive care and assessing ADL's
What is the primary medical management for Acromegaly?
Medication to suppress growth hormone secretion
What are the major hormones secreted by the Adrenal Cortex?
Aldosterone, Cortisol, Androgens
Which disease results from oversecretion of adrenal hormones by the adrenal cortex?
Cushing's Disease
What is the characteristic feature of Gigantism?
Overgrowth due to hyper-secretion of growth hormone in children
What is the main nursing intervention for patients with Hypoparathyroidism?
Ensuring high calcium diet
Which symptom is characteristic of Thyroid Storm?
Intolerance to heat
What is the primary cause of Pheochromocytoma?
Hyper-secretion of epinephrine & norepinephrine
What is the main role of Glucocorticoids?
Regulating glucose metabolism
Which condition involves the release of too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH) resulting in water retention and decreased urine output?
SIADH
What is the characteristic feature of Cretinism?
Hypothyroidism in children
What is the main treatment for Addisonian/Adrenal Crisis?
Administration of IV corticosteroids and hormone replacement
What is the primary medical management for Hyperparathyroidism?
Removing tumor or one or more parathyroid glands
What causes Acromegaly in adults?
Overproduction of somatotropin (GH) by a tumor in the pituitary gland
What is the main cause of Hypopituitary dwarfism?
Deficiency in GH
What is the characteristic symptom of Gigantism?
Overgrowth of skeletal tissue due to excessive GH production
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?
Peripheral edema
What is the primary cause of Hyperthyroidism?
Autoimmune response
Which condition involves the release of too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH) resulting in water retention and decreased urine output?
Hyperthyroidism
What is the main effect of Hyperthyroidism on the metabolic rate?
Increased metabolic rate
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Hyperthyroidism?
Intolerance to cold
What is the characteristic feature of Myxedema?
Swollen skin
What is a potential complication of untreated Hyperthyroidism related to the eyes?
Exopthalmos (bulged eyes)
What is the main treatment for Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)?
Fluid restriction
What is the primary medical management for Acromegaly?
Growth hormone replacement therapy
Which diagnostic test is commonly used for Hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid scan
What are the common symptoms of Myxedema?
Weight gain and intolerance to cold
What is the main symptom of Cretinism?
Born with it
What is the main cause of Pheochromocytoma?
Chromaffin cell tumor in the Adrenal Medulla
Which hormone maintains water, electrolyte balance, and blood pressure?
Mineralocorticoids
What is the primary medical management for Acromegaly?
Meds to suppress growth hormone secretion
Which condition results from oversecretion of adrenal hormones by the adrenal cortex?
Cushing's Disease
What are the symptoms of Pheochromocytoma?
Severe headache and dizziness
What is the main symptom of Acromegaly?
Irreversible body changes
What are the common symptoms of Cushing's Disease?
Peripheral edema and hirsutism
Study Notes
- SIADH Syndrome: Posterior Pituitary Gland releases excessive Antidiuretic Hormone, causing kidney retention of water, decreased urine output, and increased body fluid volume.
- Symptoms include hyponatremia, water retention, decreased urinary output, no peripheral edema, and potential brain cell swelling.
- Treatment for SIADH: Fluid restriction, IV therapy, and diuretics.
- Nursing care: Strict intake and output, daily weight monitoring, neuro checks, and electrolyte/specific gravity checks.
- Hyperthyroidism (Grave's Disease): Thyroid gland overproduction of thyroid hormones (T3, T4), leading to increased metabolic rate.
- Causes: Stress, infection, puberty, pregnancy, and autoimmune disease.
- Symptoms: Enlarged thyroid, bulged eyes, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, jitteriness, insomnia, warm/flushed skin, emotional, intolerance to heat, increased vital signs.
- Treatment: Medications to block hormone production, subtotal thyroidectomy, and diagnostic tests like radioactive iodine uptake, T3, T4, and thyroid scan.
- Nursing care: Increased calorie, vitamin, mineral diet, and food easy to swallow. Post-op: voice checks, semi-fowler's position, suction & trach set ready, check vital signs, mucus clearance, TETANY prevention, and Thyroid Crisis/Thyroid Storm monitoring.
- Hypothyroidism: Insufficient hormone secretion, caused by failure of thyroid or pituitary glands to provide enough TSH, slowing body metabolism.
- Symptoms: Slowing of metabolic processes, decreased body heat and temperature, intolerance to cold, weight gain, slowing of thought process, personality changes, lethargy, anorexia, constipation, decreased libido, thin hair loss, skin thick and dry, enlarge facial features, decreased blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
- Nursing care: Keep room warm, do not rush PT, decreased calorie diet, increased fiber and protein, increased fluids, HRT checkups, and medication adherence.
- Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid gland overactivity, increased parathormone.
- Symptoms: Hypercalcemia, bone demineralization, pathological fractures, skeletal pain, kidney stones, fatigue, drowsiness, constipation, personality changes, cardiac irregularities, decreased level of consciousness, coma.
- Diagnostic tests: X-ray, elevated PTH and Ca levels.
- Treatment: Tumor removal, medications, and supportive care.
- Nursing care: Force fluids, maintain balance, give diuretics, check calcium levels, and increase mobility.
- HYPOparathyroidism: Decreased parathormone, resulting in decreased serum calcium.
- Symptoms: Decreased calcium, neuromuscular irritability, muscle spasms (TETANY), laryngeal spasms, cyanosis, decreased cardiac output, dysrhythmias, positive Chvostek's/Troussneau's signs.
- Treatment: Hormone replacement therapy, calcium replacement, and supportive care.
- Nursing care: Check calcium levels and provide a high calcium diet.
- Cushing's Disease: Adrenal cortex hyper-secretion of adrenal hormones.
- Symptoms: Moon face, hyperglycemia, water and sodium retention, weight gain, peripheral edema, hirsutism, and various other signs.
- Treatment: Adrenal or pituitary tumor removal, external radiation, and drug therapy.
- Nursing care: Maintain a low Na/calorie/carbohydrate diet, monitor potassium levels, and check for side effects like nausea, vomiting, and hepatotoxicity.
- Addison's Disease: Hypo-secretion of glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids.
- Causes: Adrenalectomy, pituitary hypofunction, long-term steroid therapy, cancer, and tuberculosis.
- Symptoms: Craving for salt, hypotension, hypoglycemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, hyperkalemia, anorexia, and nausea.
- Treatment: Hormone replacement therapy.
- Nursing care: Monitor intake and output, daily weights, vital signs, skin turgor, and provide liberal sodium intake.
- Long-term care: Pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, and other disorders are not covered in the provided text.
Test your knowledge about SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone) including its symptoms, treatment, and nursing care. Learn about the excessive release of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland and its effects on the body's fluid balance.
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