Physiology I (BSM1102) Revision Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of passive transport?

  • It requires energy (correct)
  • It includes simple diffusion
  • Facilitated diffusion is a type
  • It occurs with a concentration gradient

    • What is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

  • Control of blood pressure
  • Childbirth (correct)
  • Temperature homeostasis
  • Regulation of blood glucose

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of plasma proteins?

  • Blood coagulation
  • Transport of important substances
  • Regulation of blood volume
  • Oxygen transport (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a cause of hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Allergic reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common blood group and its classification?

    <p>O, universal donor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one possible cause of acute renal failure after an incompatible blood transfusion?

    <p>Circulatory shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets?

    <p>Role in immune response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of autonomic ganglia is primarily situated between the spinal cord and the target organ?

    <p>Collateral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which response is NOT part of the components of stress response?

    <p>Increased insulin secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla have during stress?

    <p>Potentiation of sympathetic activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Passive transport

    Movement of substances across a cell membrane without requiring energy. Substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, following the concentration gradient.

    Active transport

    Movement of substances across a cell membrane that requires energy. Cells use ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.

    Feedback mechanism

    A physiological mechanism that maintains stability in the internal environment of an organism. Involves a sensor, a control center and an effector.

    Positive feedback

    A specific type of feedback mechanism where the response enhances or amplifies the original stimulus. This can lead to a cascade effect.

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    Negative feedback

    A specific type of feedback mechanism where the response counteracts or negates the original stimulus. This helps to maintain homeostasis.

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    Circulatory Shock

    A condition where the body's circulatory system fails to deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the tissues. This can be caused by various factors like severe blood loss, heart failure, or infection.

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    Severe Anemia

    A condition where the blood has an abnormally low number of red blood cells (RBCs), leading to insufficient oxygen transport to the tissues.

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    Severe Leukopenia

    A condition where the blood has an abnormally low number of white blood cells (WBCs), leaving the body vulnerable to infections.

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    Hemorrhagic Disease

    A condition characterized by excessive bleeding, often due to clotting factor deficiencies or platelet abnormalities.

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    Stress Response

    The body's natural response to stress, characterized by a cascade of physiological changes designed to prepare for 'fight or flight'.

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    Study Notes

    Revision Notes - Dr. Hala Othman

    • Dr. Hala Othman is a lecturer at the Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, the Faculty of Physical Therapy, and the Faculty of Nursing, Rashid University.
    • The presentation is part of a Physiology I (BSM1102) course.

    Passive vs. Active Transport

    • Passive transport occurs with a concentration gradient, while active transport occurs against it.
    • Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires energy.
    • Passive transport types include simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
    • Active transport types include primary active transport and secondary active transport.

    Feedback Mechanisms

    • Positive feedback is a common mechanism in the body, controlling factors like temperature, blood glucose, and blood pressure.
    • Positive feedback is rare in cases such as childbirth.

    Plasma Proteins

    • Plasma proteins play several crucial roles.
    • These include protein metabolism, blood coagulation, immunity, transporting essential substances, regulating blood volume, acting as buffers, and regulating arterial blood pressure.

    Haemolytic Anaemia

    • Haemolytic anaemia can result from hereditary red blood cell abnormalities (e.g., sickle cell anemia).
    • It can also be caused by hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh incompatibility).
    • Infections like malaria, reactions to certain drugs (e.g., sulfonamides), and autoimmune disorders can also lead to haemolytic anaemia.

    Blood Groups

    • Antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) are called agglutinogens.
    • Antibodies (anti-A and anti-B) are present in the plasma.
    • The most common blood group is O, and it is considered the universal donor.
    • The Rh antigen D is the most common Rh antigen.

    Prevention of Erythroblastosis Fetalis

    • Preventing erythroblastosis fetalis involves administering anti-Rh(D) antibody (anti-D) to the mother after the birth of her first Rh-positive baby.

    Indications for Blood Transfusion

    • Indications include circulatory shock, severe anemia, severe leukopenia, and hemorrhagic diseases.

    Acute Renal Failure After Incompatible Blood Transfusion

    • Possible causes include renal ischemia, circulatory shock, and blockage of renal tubules.

    Platelet Functions

    • Platelets play a vital role in hemostasis, blood coagulation, and clot retraction.

    Autonomic Ganglia

    • Types of autonomic ganglia include lateral, collateral, and terminal ganglia.

    Stress Response

    • Components of the stress response include pupil dilation for better vision, increased heartbeat and myocardial contraction for better perfusion of vital organs and muscles, bronchodilation for better lung ventilation, constriction of blood vessels in the skin to reduce bleeding, increased glycogenolysis to increase blood glucose, increase in blood glucose and free fatty acids to provide energy, and contraction of the splenic capsule to increase blood volume and oxygen carrying capacity, as well as sympathetic system secretions.
    • Increased muscle strength and delayed fatigue, increased cellular metabolism and mental activity, and increased sweat secretion to increase heat loss are also part of the process.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of Physiology I with this quiz. Covering topics such as passive and active transport mechanisms, feedback mechanisms, and the role of plasma proteins, it's designed for students in the course. Challenge yourself and reinforce your understanding of essential physiological concepts!

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