Physiology I (BSM1102) Revision Quiz

Study Notes

Dr. Hala Othman is a lecturer at the Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, the Faculty of Physical Therapy, and the Faculty of Nursing, Rashid University.
The presentation is part of a Physiology I (BSM1102) course.

Passive transport occurs with a concentration gradient, while active transport occurs against it.
Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires energy.
Passive transport types include simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Active transport types include primary active transport and secondary active transport.

Positive feedback is a common mechanism in the body, controlling factors like temperature, blood glucose, and blood pressure.
Positive feedback is rare in cases such as childbirth.

Plasma proteins play several crucial roles.
These include protein metabolism, blood coagulation, immunity, transporting essential substances, regulating blood volume, acting as buffers, and regulating arterial blood pressure.

Haemolytic anaemia can result from hereditary red blood cell abnormalities (e.g., sickle cell anemia).
It can also be caused by hemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh incompatibility).
Infections like malaria, reactions to certain drugs (e.g., sulfonamides), and autoimmune disorders can also lead to haemolytic anaemia.

Preventing erythroblastosis fetalis involves administering anti-Rh(D) antibody (anti-D) to the mother after the birth of her first Rh-positive baby.

Indications include circulatory shock, severe anemia, severe leukopenia, and hemorrhagic diseases.

Possible causes include renal ischemia, circulatory shock, and blockage of renal tubules.

Platelets play a vital role in hemostasis, blood coagulation, and clot retraction.

Components of the stress response include pupil dilation for better vision, increased heartbeat and myocardial contraction for better perfusion of vital organs and muscles, bronchodilation for better lung ventilation, constriction of blood vessels in the skin to reduce bleeding, increased glycogenolysis to increase blood glucose, increase in blood glucose and free fatty acids to provide energy, and contraction of the splenic capsule to increase blood volume and oxygen carrying capacity, as well as sympathetic system secretions.
Increased muscle strength and delayed fatigue, increased cellular metabolism and mental activity, and increased sweat secretion to increase heat loss are also part of the process.