Physiology I (BSM1102) Revision Writing for Final Exam PDF

Revision Dr. Hala Othman Lecturer at Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University Lecturer at Faculty of Physical Therapy and Faculty of Nursing, Rashid University 18/12/2024 De...

Revision Dr. Hala Othman Lecturer at Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University Lecturer at Faculty of Physical Therapy and Faculty of Nursing, Rashid University 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  Compare between passive transport and active transport Passive transport Active transport Concentration With Against gradient energy Not required required types Simple diffusion Primary active Facilitated Secondary active diffusion 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  What are the types of feed back mechanisms? And give one example for each? 1- Positive feed back as most regulations in body e.g.: control of temperature, blood glucose, blood pressure 2- Positive feed back: rare as child birth 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  List five functions of plasma proteins? 1-Protein metabolism 2. Blood coagulation 3. Immunity 4. Transport of important substances 5. Regulation of blood volume 6. Buffering action 7. Regulation of arterial blood pressure 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  Give short account on causes of haemolytic anaemia? a- Hereditary abnormalities of red blood cells as sickle cell anemia b- Hemolytic disease of the new-born if Rh negative mother become pregenet with Rh positive baby c- Infections as malaria d- Reactions to certain drugs as sulfonamides e- Autoimmune disorders 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  Complete: 1- Antigen on surface of R.B.Cs are called ………. Agglutinogen 2-Anti A, Anti B antibodies are present in the …...... plasma 3- the most common blood group is……… and called….. O Universal donor 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  4- The most commn Rh antigen is ………. D 5-Prevention of erythroblastosis fetalis could be achieved by ………. Injection of antiD antibody to mother after delivary 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102) List four indications of blood transfusion? 1-circulatory shock 2-severe anemia 3- sever leukopenia 4. Haemorrhagic diseases: 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  What are the possible causes of acute renal failure after incompatible blood transfusion? Renal ischemia Circulatory shock Blockage of renal tubules 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  Enumerate the functions of platelets? 1- role in hemostasis 2- role in blood coagulation 3- role in clot retraction 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  What are the types of autonomic ganglia? Lateral Collateral Terminal 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)  Summarize the components of stress response? 1. Dilatation of the pupil ➔ better vision 2. Acceleration of the heartbeat, increases the force of myocardial contraction& raised blood pressure ➔ better perfusion of vital organs and muscles 3. Dilatation of bronchioles ➔ better lung ventilation and more 02 supply to the tissues. 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102) 4. Constriction of the blood vessels in the skin ➔ limits bleeding in case of haemorrhage. 5.shift of blood flow is from peripheral and unimportant organs as the skin and splanchnic areas to important organs such as heart, CNS and skeletal muscles. 6.Increased glycogenolysis in the liver& muscles➔ increase blood glucose 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102) 7.Elevation of blood glucose and free fatty acid level (supplying more energy). 8.Contraction of splenic capsule = ejection of some blood rich in RBCs into circulation to increase blood volume and 02 carrying capacity of the blood. 9.Secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla➔ potentiate of sympathetic. 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102) 10.Increased strength of muscle contraction and delayed onset of fatigue ORBELLI PHENOMENON. 11.Increased cellular metabolism & mental activity= stimulation of reticular formation 12.Increased sweat secretion = evaporation of sweat increases heat loss from the body. The sum of these effects permits the person to perform far more strenuous physical and mental activities than would otherwise be possible. 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102) 18/12/2024 Department of Physiology Physiology I (BSM1102)