PC 2: Flow Down Gradient

According to the Nernst potential equation, what factors does it account for?

What does the Nernst potential equation not include?

Why is there an unequal distribution of sodium and potassium across the membrane?

Why is it helpful to understand Nernst potentials?

Why is the membrane potential of a neuron close to, but not the same, as the equilibrium (Nernst) potential for potassium?

In Case 1, which clinical features are less likely to be due to vascular changes in Mary's feet?

In Case 2, what aspect(s) of Robert's medical history best explain his foot swelling?

According to the text, what problems do most patients with heart failure develop?

According to the text, which equation describes the movement of charged particles across a membrane based on electrostatic forces?

In which situations does diffusion and hydrostatic pressure act together to facilitate filtration through a capillary?

Which equation describes the balance of a particle moving into or out of a cell, assuming it can cross the membrane?

What is the purpose of a capillary in physiology?

Which forces are difficult to measure experimentally?

Which equation describes the movement of dissolved particles across a membrane based on their concentration gradient?

What does the Nernst equation tell us about the movement of charged particles across a membrane?

Which equation describes the flow of a substance through a capillary?

Which forces can "pull" or "push" the same substance in opposite directions in physiology?

What does the term 'flux' describe in physiology?

Which equation describes the movement of fluid through a system from point A to point B?

What is the driving force for the flow of a substance from point A to point B?

What is the relationship between the size of the energy gradient and the amount of flow?

Which equation describes the movement of charged particles across a membrane based on electrostatic forces?

What is the purpose of a capillary in physiology?

Which physico-chemical law is most relevant for understanding the movement of charged particles across a membrane?

According to Fick's law, what factors affect the rate of diffusion across a membrane?

What does Ohm's law state about the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance?

What does the Nernst potential equation describe?

What is the purpose of a capillary in physiology?

Which of the following best explains Robert's foot swelling in Case 2?

What is the most likely cause of Robert's shortness of breath in Case 2?

Which of the following is a consequence of impaired 'forward-flow' in heart failure?

What happens to blood in heart failure due to 'fluid backup'?

According to Fick's law, the rate of diffusion is affected by various parameters. Which of the following is NOT one of those parameters?

According to Poiseuille's law, which of the following is the most important determinant of resistance in a vessel?

Which of the following is NOT a process in the body that depends on the flow of a substance down a gradient?

According to Pouiseille's law, what happens to the flow when the radius of a tube/vessel decreases by half?

Which of the following is a factor that can affect the flow/flux of substances through capillaries?