30 Questions
Which of the following best explains Robert's foot swelling?
Fluid backup in the venous system
What is the most likely cause of Robert's shortness of breath?
Decreased cardiac output
Which aspect of Robert's medical history is related to the physicochemical laws?
His blood pressure
What is the medical term for impaired 'forward-flow' in heart failure?
Decreased cardiac output
What is the medical term for 'fluid backup' in heart failure?
Fluid backup
What is the most likely cause of the poor blood supply to important tissues in heart failure?
Impaired blood supply
What is the most likely cause of the blood not being moved from the veins at its usual rate in heart failure?
Decreased cardiac output
What is the most likely cause of the blood 'backing up' in the venous system in heart failure?
Decreased cardiac output
What is the most likely cause of Robert's respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min?
Decreased cardiac output
What is the most likely cause of Robert's blood pressure of 156/98 mm Hg?
High blood pressure
According to the text, which law describes the flow of substances through a capillary?
Poiseuille’s law
In physiology, which forces often act on the same substance in opposite directions?
Diffusion and hydrostatic pressure
What is the purpose of a capillary in transporting substances to and from tissues?
Diffusion
Which variables are involved in the simplified Starling forces?
Fluid within the capillary, fluid within the interstitial space, protein leakage
What is the term used to describe flow along a defined membrane surface area?
Flux
Which forces are difficult to measure experimentally according to the text?
Starling forces
What is the term used to describe the movement of charged particles across a membrane based on electrostatic forces?
Nernst potential
What is the inverse of resistance in the context of the text?
Leakiness of the capillary wall to water
Which law describes the flow of substances through a capillary?
Poiseuille’s law
What is the term used to describe the fluid within the interstitial space?
ISF
Which equation describes the Nernst potential?
E_P = (RT/nF) ln([P]_i/[P]_o)
Which ion has a Nernst potential close to -90 mV?
Potassium (K+)
Why is there an unequal distribution of sodium and potassium across the membrane?
ATPase
Why is the membrane potential of a neuron close to, but not the same, as the equilibrium potential for potassium?
Other ions are involved
What does the Goldman Field equation predict?
The membrane potential when it is permeable to more than one substance
How many physico-chemical laws are in play in the case of Mary's vascular changes?
One
What clinical feature is less likely to be due to vascular changes in Mary's case?
Inability to distinguish between sharp and dull stimuli over the right foot
Which type of diabetes mellitus does Mary have?
Type 2
What is the NYHA stage of heart failure that Robert has?
Stage II
What is the main medication used to control Mary's diabetes?
Metformin
Test your knowledge of physiology concepts related to flow down gradients with this in-class quiz! Explore topics such as Poiseuille's law, Fick's law, Ohm's law, and combining forces in physiological processes. Challenge yourself with questions on filtration through capillaries, distribution of ions across membranes, and more.
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