Physiology Concepts I: Cell Signaling and Plasma Membranes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which component of lipid molecules is usually unbranched and may or may not be saturated?

  • Phosphate head
  • Glycerol backbone
  • Fatty acid tail (correct)
  • Choline

What type of molecule intercalates between phospholipids and impacts membrane fluidity?

  • Sphingolipids
  • Cholesterol (correct)
  • Glycerophospholipids
  • Glycocalyx

What is the function of the glycocalyx?

  • To protect the cell (correct)
  • To stiffen the membrane
  • To form lipid rafts
  • To increase membrane fluidity

Which type of membrane lipid has a slightly different shape that can decrease membrane fluidity?

<p>Sphingolipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which membrane-bound component is responsible for creating and modifying proteins?

<p>Smooth ER (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which junction helps in regulating movement across membranes and other epithelial structures?

<p>Anchoring junction desmosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the extracellular component in a desmosome?

<p>Cadherins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which junction commonly binds to the basement membrane and helps in anchoring epithelial cells?

<p>Anchoring junction hemidesmosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do adherens junctions connect with instead of intermediate filaments?

<p>Microfilaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for cellular movement and organization of cellular components/organelles during mitosis and meiosis?

<p>Microtubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein monomer forms microtubules?

<p>Tubulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the dimer after GTP is cleaved from tubulin?

<p>It falls off the microtubule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the microtubule organizing centre (MTOC)?

<p>Cellular organization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique structure of centrioles?

<p>A tubulin triplet structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are dyneins and kinesins?

<p>Motor proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a lipid component of the cell membrane?

<p>Phospholipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

<p>Protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the forces at play across the cell membrane?

<p>Diffusion and osmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure helps maintain cellular integrity?

<p>Na+/K+ ATPase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton?

<p>Microfilaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about extracellular signals and cell membrane receptors?

<p>Extracellular signals bind to high-affinity protein receptors on the cell membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a cell responds to a specific extracellular signal?

<p>The expression of the receptor on the cell membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

<p>Energy production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do membrane proteins do in relation to the overall structure of the cell?

<p>They link the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tight junctions?

<p>To separate cells into apical and basal compartments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

<p>The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a solution with a higher concentration of solutes is separated from a solution with a lower concentration of solutes by a semi-permeable membrane?

<p>The water moves from the higher concentration solution to the lower concentration solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Na+/K+ ATPase?

<p>To establish a gradient of sodium and potassium across the membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the Na+/K+ ATPase require energy from ATP?

<p>To establish a gradient of sodium and potassium across the membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

<p>Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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