40 Questions
According to the Nernst equation, what does the Nernst potential account for?
Charge of the particle and ratio of concentrations
What is the Nernst potential?
The voltage across a membrane that is permeable to a specific particle
Why is there an unequal distribution of sodium and potassium across the membrane?
ATPase
Why is there an unequal distribution of charge across the membrane?
ATPase
Why is it helpful to understand Nernst potentials?
All of the above
Why is the membrane potential of a neuron close to, but not the same, as the equilibrium potential for potassium?
Other ions are involved
What does the Goldman Field equation predict?
The membrane potential when it is permeable to more than one substance
How many physico-chemical laws are in play in the case of Mary?
Three
What clinical features are less likely to be due to vascular changes in Mary's case?
Inability to distinguish sharp and dull stimuli
What is the membrane potential in many neurons?
-75 mV
Which of the following best explains Robert's foot swelling?
Impaired function of tissues with poor blood supply
Which of the following best explains Robert's shortness of breath?
Decreased cardiac output
How does Robert's foot swelling relate to the physicochemical laws discussed in the pre-learning and during the lecture?
It is caused by an increase in hydrostatic pressure
How does Robert's shortness of breath relate to the physicochemical laws discussed in the pre-learning and during the lecture?
It is unrelated to physicochemical laws
What is the main problem in heart failure that leads to impaired 'forward-flow'?
Decreased cardiac output
What is the main problem in heart failure that leads to 'fluid backup'?
Blood not moving from veins at its usual rate
What is the effect of decreased cardiac output on important tissues in heart failure?
Worsened blood supply
What is the effect of impaired function of tissues with poor blood supply in heart failure?
Impaired function
What is the effect of blood not moving from veins at its usual rate in heart failure?
Worsened blood flow
What is the cause of Robert's foot swelling?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Which law describes the flow of fluid through a capillary?
Poiseuille's law
Which forces are involved in the filtration through a capillary?
Diffusion and hydrostatic pressure
What is the purpose of a capillary in transporting substances to and from tissues?
Transporting substances through diffusion
What do Starling forces describe in the context of capillaries?
Diffusion and osmotic pressure
What does the variable 'cap' represent in the simplified Starling forces equation?
The fluid within the capillary
What does the variable 'ISF' represent in the simplified Starling forces equation?
The fluid within the interstitial space
What is the relationship between charged particles and movement across a membrane?
Charged particles can move based on electrostatic forces
What does the Nernst potential account for?
Diffusion of charged particles
What does the Goldman Field equation predict?
Diffusion of charged particles
What is the relationship between flux and flow?
Flux is the flow along a defined membrane surface area
According to Starling forces, which of the following is responsible for transport of water to and from tissues?
Hydrostatic pressure
What is the purpose of a capillary in physiology?
To transport substances to and from tissues
Which equation represents the simplified version of Starling forces?
$F = k \cdot (P_{\text{cap}} - P_{\text{ISF}})$
Which variable represents the 'leakiness' of the capillary wall to water in Starling forces?
$k$
What is the relationship between flux and flow?
Flux = flow along a defined membrane surface area
What does the Nernst potential account for?
The equilibrium potential for charged particles across a membrane
What is the effect of impaired function of tissues with poor blood supply in heart failure?
Tissue swelling
Which of the following forces are involved in filtration through a capillary?
Diffusion and hydrostatic pressure
Which equation represents Ohm's law?
$V = I \cdot R$
What is the subject of much debate in relation to Starling forces?
The value of the variables in different situations and locations
Test your knowledge of physiology concepts related to flow down gradients with this in-class quiz! Explore topics such as Poiseuille's law, Fick's law, Ohm's law, and combining forces in physiological processes. Challenge yourself with questions on filtration through capillaries, distribution of ions across membranes, and more.
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