Physiology Concepts III
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Questions and Answers

According to the Nernst equation, what does the Nernst potential account for?

  • Distribution of ions and concentration gradient
  • Flow of ions and resistance of the membrane
  • Charge of the particle and ratio of concentrations (correct)
  • Diffusional forces and electrical fields

    • What is the Nernst potential?

  • The balance between diffusional forces and electrical fields
  • The membrane voltage at which a particle moves into and out of the cell at the same rate
  • The voltage across a membrane that is permeable to a specific particle (correct)
  • The flow of ions and resistance of the membrane

    • Why is there an unequal distribution of sodium and potassium across the membrane?

  • Diffusional forces
  • Electrical fields
  • ATPase (correct)
  • Nernst potential

    • Why is there an unequal distribution of charge across the membrane?

    <p>ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it helpful to understand Nernst potentials?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the membrane potential of a neuron close to, but not the same, as the equilibrium potential for potassium?

    <p>Other ions are involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Goldman Field equation predict?

    <p>The membrane potential when it is permeable to more than one substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many physico-chemical laws are in play in the case of Mary?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical features are less likely to be due to vascular changes in Mary's case?

    <p>Inability to distinguish sharp and dull stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the membrane potential in many neurons?

    <p>-75 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains Robert's foot swelling?

    <p>Impaired function of tissues with poor blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains Robert's shortness of breath?

    <p>Decreased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Robert's foot swelling relate to the physicochemical laws discussed in the pre-learning and during the lecture?

    <p>It is caused by an increase in hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Robert's shortness of breath relate to the physicochemical laws discussed in the pre-learning and during the lecture?

    <p>It is unrelated to physicochemical laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem in heart failure that leads to impaired 'forward-flow'?

    <p>Decreased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem in heart failure that leads to 'fluid backup'?

    <p>Blood not moving from veins at its usual rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased cardiac output on important tissues in heart failure?

    <p>Worsened blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of impaired function of tissues with poor blood supply in heart failure?

    <p>Impaired function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of blood not moving from veins at its usual rate in heart failure?

    <p>Worsened blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of Robert's foot swelling?

    <p>Increased hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law describes the flow of fluid through a capillary?

    <p>Poiseuille's law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which forces are involved in the filtration through a capillary?

    <p>Diffusion and hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a capillary in transporting substances to and from tissues?

    <p>Transporting substances through diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Starling forces describe in the context of capillaries?

    <p>Diffusion and osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'cap' represent in the simplified Starling forces equation?

    <p>The fluid within the capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'ISF' represent in the simplified Starling forces equation?

    <p>The fluid within the interstitial space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between charged particles and movement across a membrane?

    <p>Charged particles can move based on electrostatic forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Nernst potential account for?

    <p>Diffusion of charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Goldman Field equation predict?

    <p>Diffusion of charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between flux and flow?

    <p>Flux is the flow along a defined membrane surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Starling forces, which of the following is responsible for transport of water to and from tissues?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a capillary in physiology?

    <p>To transport substances to and from tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the simplified version of Starling forces?

    <p>$F = k \cdot (P_{\text{cap}} - P_{\text{ISF}})$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variable represents the 'leakiness' of the capillary wall to water in Starling forces?

    <p>$k$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between flux and flow?

    <p>Flux = flow along a defined membrane surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Nernst potential account for?

    <p>The equilibrium potential for charged particles across a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of impaired function of tissues with poor blood supply in heart failure?

    <p>Tissue swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following forces are involved in filtration through a capillary?

    <p>Diffusion and hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents Ohm's law?

    <p>$V = I \cdot R$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subject of much debate in relation to Starling forces?

    <p>The value of the variables in different situations and locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

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