Physiology Chapter on Acid-Base and Fluid Balance

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Questions and Answers

What role does bicarbonate play in the blood?

It helps in the digestion of food.

It facilitates the absorption of nutrients.

It is primarily responsible for oxygen transport.

It acts as a major acid buffer. (correct)

How is bicarbonate produced and reabsorbed in the body?

Through the liver and spleen.

Through the kidneys. (correct)

By the intestines during digestion.

In the brain during metabolic processes.

What happens if the regulatory mechanisms for bicarbonate fail?

Blood pressure increases.

Acid-base imbalances occur. (correct)

Hyperventilation occurs.

Kidney stones are formed.

Which of the following correctly identifies what major types of imbalances occur due to bicarbonate failure?

Various acid-base imbalances. Signup and view all the answers

Why is proper bicarbonate regulation critical for the body?

It regulates acid-base balance in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What position should the patient be in when inspecting the neck veins?

Reclined with the head of the bed elevated at 30- to 45-degree angle Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if jugular veins are visible more than 3 cm above the sternal angle?

Excess fluid volume is most likely present Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a recommended angle for elevating the head of the bed during neck vein inspection?

15 degrees Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to inspect the neck veins during a physical examination?

To evaluate excess fluid volume in the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would suggest a normal finding when inspecting neck veins?

Jugular veins not visible or only slightly distended Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of albumin in plasma?

Maintaining blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for serum albumin concentration?

3.5 to 5.5 g/dL Signup and view all the answers

How does albumin contribute to colloid osmotic pressure?

Through its ability to hold water in the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of albumin in the body?

Stimulating platelet production Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's serum albumin level is below the normal range, which condition might be indicated?

Liver cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What does the body do to manage fluid volume excess?

Increase filtration and excretion of sodium and water Signup and view all the answers

How does the body compensate for increased fluid volume in terms of ADH production?

Decrease ADH production Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the kidney's function during fluid volume excess?

The kidneys increase filtration and excrete both sodium and water Signup and view all the answers

What role does sodium play in the body's response to fluid volume excess?

Sodium excretion is enhanced to maintain balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of fluid volume excess on the kidneys' activity?

The kidneys increase the excretion of both sodium and water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of blood buffers in the body?

To maintain the normal pH range of body fluids Signup and view all the answers

How do blood buffers function in the body?

By circulating in pairs and absorbing hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about blood buffers is incorrect?

They act alone without pairing with another buffer. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not contribute to maintaining the body's normal pH range?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What effect do hydrogen ions have on the body's pH?

They decrease the pH when absorbed Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acid-Base Balance

Bicarbonate is a crucial buffer in the blood, regulating pH levels.
The kidneys play a vital role in reabsorbing and producing bicarbonate.
Imbalances in acid-base regulation lead to four major types of acid-base disorders.

Fluid Volume Excess

Inspecting the jugular veins can help assess fluid volume.
If veins are visible more than 3 cm above the sternal angle, it suggests excess fluid volume.
Albumin, a plasma protein, contributes to maintaining blood volume through colloid osmotic pressure.
Normal albumin levels range from 3.5 to 5.5 g/dL.
The body compensates for fluid volume excess by increasing sodium and water excretion and reducing ADH production.

Buffer Systems

Blood buffers work in pairs to maintain normal pH levels.
These buffers act like sponges, absorbing hydrogen ions to neutralize acidity.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in acid-base balance, fluid volume excess, and buffer systems. Understand the roles of bicarbonate and albumin in maintaining homeostasis in the body. Test your knowledge on how imbalances can lead to various disorders and the physiological responses involved.