Untitled Quiz

<p>Smooth muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strength of signals received by a neuron. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postsynaptic activity in cortical neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It strengthens the connection between neural cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overseeing basic skeletal muscle movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They alter gene expression and protein production. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasopressin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They stimulate other endocrine glands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct hormones act directly on target tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormone secretion by gonads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prepare the body for fight or flight responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls water and salt balance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate other hormones in the anterior pituitary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digests carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food is moved down the GI tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To moisten food for easier swallowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The uptake of nutrients from food into the bloodstream (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain homeostasis in water content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reabsorption of water and hypertonicity of the medulla (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximal tubule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance osmosis by allowing water movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It converts the electrical signal into a chemical signal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EPSP results in depolarization while IPSP hyperpolarizes the membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid succession of EPSPs at a single synapse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Afferent neurons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They involve voluntary movements that are consciously controlled. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcholine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits the motor neuron pool of the antagonist when the agonist is activated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help digest fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholecystokinin (CCK) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry blood from the small intestine to the liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duodenum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatic duct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorbing water and salt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase surface area for nutrient absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The small gap between the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron and the membrane of a postsynaptic cell. It's where the electrical signal is changed into a chemical signal, ensuring communication between neurons.

The presynaptic terminal is where the electrical signal becomes a chemical signal by releasing neurotransmitters. The postsynaptic terminal receives the chemical signal with specialized receptors.

A series of molecular interactions triggered by the binding of a signaling molecule to its receptor, leading to activation of various intracellular pathways. It's responsible for relaying information within the cell.

An insulating layer that surrounds nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It helps speed up the transmission of nerve impulses.

EPSPs increase the likelihood of an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron by bringing the membrane potential closer to the threshold. IPSPs decrease the likelihood by moving the membrane potential further from the threshold.

Temporal summation occurs when multiple EPSPs arrive quickly at a single synapse, causing the postsynaptic neuron to reach the threshold and fire. Spatial summation involves EPSPs at two or more different synapses converging on a postsynaptic neuron to trigger an action potential.

Afferent neurons carry sensory information from the body to the CNS. Efferent neurons carry motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.

A specialized area on a muscle fiber where a nerve terminal and muscle tissue meet. It's the point of communication between motor neurons and muscles for muscle contraction.

The outermost layer of the brain, rich in neurons, responsible for higher-level functions like thinking, language, and memory.

The part of the brain responsible for planning, decision-making, and controlling voluntary movements.

The area of the brain that processes sensory information from the body, contributing to spatial awareness and body position.

The part of the brain that receives and interprets visual information.

The area of the brain responsible for processing auditory information, language comprehension, and memory.

Physical mixing and churning that breaks down large food masses into smaller ones.

Using enzymes to break down large molecules (polymers) into smaller ones (monomers).

The process of taking in nutrients and chemicals from food into the body.

The process of allowing broken down food to exit the body.

The part of the digestive system that contains the mouth, esophagus, and stomach.

The part of the digestive system that contains the small intestine.

The part of the digestive system that contains the large intestine.

The rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations that move food downwards through the digestive tract.

Hormones that cannot dissolve in water and therefore require transport proteins to travel in the bloodstream. They can easily pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors.

These hormones are water-soluble and readily dissolve in the bloodstream. They cannot easily pass through cell membranes and instead bind to receptors on the cell surface, triggering signal transduction pathways.

A class of hormones derived from cholesterol, including corticosteroids and sex steroids. They freely cross cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors, influencing gene expression.

A part of the brain that acts as a bridge between the nervous and endocrine systems, controlling many vital functions. It also produces releasing hormones that regulate the pituitary gland.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland responsible for secreting hormones that control other endocrine glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland responsible for releasing hormones that regulate water and salt balance, such as vasopressin (ADH).

Specialized neurons that produce hormones and release them into the bloodstream, acting as messengers for various target tissues.

Peptide hormones produced by the hypothalamus that regulate the release of other hormones from the pituitary.

The first part of the small intestine, connected to the stomach, where fats stimulate the release of CCK, a hormone that triggers bile release from the gallbladder.

A hormone secreted by the duodenum that stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile, aiding in fat digestion.

A fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It contains bile salts that help break down fats.

An organ that stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the duodenum when needed for fat digestion.

A digestive hormone secreted by the duodenum that regulates gastric acid secretion and pH levels in the duodenum, ensuring optimal digestion.

The primary digestive organ that secretes enzymes and bicarbonate, essential for digesting proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

The main digestive organ where most nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.

Tiny finger-like projections that line the small intestine, increasing surface area for nutrient absorption.

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

The pressure needed to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

The process by which organisms regulate the osmotic pressure of their body fluids to maintain homeostasis.

The main filtering unit of the kidney.

A cup-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus in the nephron, collecting the filtered fluid.

Specialized cells in the Bowman's capsule that wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus, aiding in filtration.

A section of the nephron responsible for reabsorbing essential nutrients and water back into the bloodstream.

A section of the nephron that regulates the balance of water, electrolytes, and hydrogen ions in the body.