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Questions and Answers
The study of how the body parts work to carry out life-sustaining activities is called ______.
The study of how the body parts work to carry out life-sustaining activities is called ______.
physiology
The main nutrient used as the most immediate source of energy for cells is ______.
The main nutrient used as the most immediate source of energy for cells is ______.
carbohydrates
The ______ cavity contains the heart.
The ______ cavity contains the heart.
pericardial
The outermost layer of the epidermis is called the ______.
The outermost layer of the epidermis is called the ______.
The ______ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
The ______ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
The principle of ______ states that the function of a structure is directly related to its form.
The principle of ______ states that the function of a structure is directly related to its form.
The ______ is the space between the lungs that surrounds the other thoracic organs.
The ______ is the space between the lungs that surrounds the other thoracic organs.
The ______ produces most of the cell's energy molecules (ATP).
The ______ produces most of the cell's energy molecules (ATP).
The ______ is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
The ______ is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
The ______ system forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury.
The ______ system forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury.
The ______ is the neck area of the body.
The ______ is the neck area of the body.
The ______ system breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
The ______ system breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
The ______ is located in the left upper quadrant and plays a role in filtering blood and removing old red blood cells.
The ______ is located in the left upper quadrant and plays a role in filtering blood and removing old red blood cells.
The ______ is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
The ______ is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
The ______ is the most abundant chemical in the body and provides a watery environment for chemical reactions.
The ______ is the most abundant chemical in the body and provides a watery environment for chemical reactions.
The process of breaking down molecules is known as ______, while the synthesis of molecules is called ______.
The process of breaking down molecules is known as ______, while the synthesis of molecules is called ______.
The ______ lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The ______ lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The ______ is a feedback mechanism where the response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus.
The ______ is a feedback mechanism where the response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus.
The ______ system secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
The ______ system secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
The ______ tissue produces movement by contracting and pulling on bones or other structures within the body.
The ______ tissue produces movement by contracting and pulling on bones or other structures within the body.
The ______ is a part of the pericardium that covers the heart.
The ______ is a part of the pericardium that covers the heart.
The ______ is a necessary life function that involves the separation between the internal and external environments.
The ______ is a necessary life function that involves the separation between the internal and external environments.
The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ______.
The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ______.
The ______ cavity contains the brain and spinal cord.
The ______ cavity contains the brain and spinal cord.
The elbow is ______ to the wrist.
The elbow is ______ to the wrist.
The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is called the ______.
The serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is called the ______.
______ energy is a type of energy that involves the movement of objects or substances.
______ energy is a type of energy that involves the movement of objects or substances.
Flashcards
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Organelles that produce ATP via aerobic respiration.
Nucleus
Nucleus
The cell organelle that contains DNA.
Lysosome
Lysosome
Digests harmful substances and cleans up the cell.
Mediastinum
Mediastinum
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Integumentary system
Integumentary system
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Abdominal quadrants
Abdominal quadrants
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Sagittal plane
Sagittal plane
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Physiology
Physiology
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Respiratory system
Respiratory system
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Isotonic Solution
Isotonic Solution
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Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
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Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
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Main energy nutrient
Main energy nutrient
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Dorsal Body Cavity Organs
Dorsal Body Cavity Organs
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Principle of Complementarity
Principle of Complementarity
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Epidermis Layers
Epidermis Layers
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Feces
Feces
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Endocrine System
Endocrine System
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Pericardium
Pericardium
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Pleura
Pleura
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Metabolism
Metabolism
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Negative Feedback
Negative Feedback
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Nutrients
Nutrients
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Muscle Tissue Function
Muscle Tissue Function
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Movement
Movement
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Responsiveness
Responsiveness
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Dorsal Body Cavity
Dorsal Body Cavity
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Ventral Body Cavity
Ventral Body Cavity
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Serous Membranes
Serous Membranes
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Study Notes
Physiology Definitions
- Physiology is the study of how body parts work to maintain life.
Cellular Solutions
- Isotonic solution: Has the same osmolarity as inside the cell, causing no change in cell volume.
- Hypotonic solution: Has lower osmolarity than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell, leading to cell swelling.
- Hypertonic solution: Has higher osmolarity than inside the cell, causing water to flow out of the cell, leading to cell shrinking.
Cellular Energy Source
- Carbohydrates are the most immediate source of energy for cells.
Body Cavities
- Dorsal cavity: Contains the brain and spinal cord, protected by meninges.
- Pericardial cavity: Contains the heart.
- Pleural cavities: Contains two lungs each.
Chemical Reactions
- Anabolic reaction: Builds complex molecules from simpler ones; consumes energy.
- Catabolic reaction: Breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones; releases energy.
Body Planes
- Sagittal: Cuts the body into right and left halves (vertical).
- Midsagittal: Lies directly down the middle
- Parasagittal: Offset from the middle.
- Frontal (coronal): Cuts the body into front and back sections (vertical).
- Transverse (horizontal): Cuts the body into top and bottom sections.
Complementarity
- Anatomy and physiology are inseparable; function always reflects structure.
Anatomical Position
- Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms forward, thumbs out.
Cell Organelles
- Mitochondria: Produce most cellular energy (ATP).
- Nucleolus: Produces ribosomes.
- Nucleus: Contains the cell's DNA.
- Lysosomes: Digest harmful materials.
Mediastinum
- Space between the lungs containing the thymus, trachea, esophagus, and pericardial cavity.
Integumentary System
- Forms an external covering, protects deeper tissues, synthesizes vitamin D, houses cutaneous receptors, and contains sweat glands.
Abdominal Quadrants
- The abdomen is divided into four quadrants: right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower.
Body Regions
- Axial: Includes the head, neck, and trunk.
- Appendicular: Includes the limbs (arms and legs).
Body Functions
- Maintaining boundaries: Separating internal from external environments.
- Movement: of body parts, cells, and substances.
- Metabolism: All chemical reactions; breaking down and building molecules.
- Responsiveness: Ability to sense and respond to stimuli.
- Digestion: Breakdown of food.
- Excretion: Removal of waste.
- Reproduction: Production of offspring.
- Growth: Increase in size and complexity.
Respiratory System
- Keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.
Digestive System
- Breaks down food into absorbable units; the remaining waste is eliminated as feces,
Endocrine System
- Secrete hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
Body Membranes
- Pericardium: Surrounds the heart.
- Pleura: Surrounds the lungs.
- Peritoneum: Lines the abdominal cavity.
Survival Needs
- Nutrients: For energy and cell building.
- Oxygen: For metabolic reactions.
- Water: Most abundant chemical in the body.
- Normal body temperature: Important for chemical reactions.
- Appropriate atmospheric pressure: Important for gas exchange.
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
- A process that reduces or shuts off the original stimulus.
- Two examples include blood glucose regulation (insulin) and body temperature regulation.
Muscle Tissue
- Produces movement by contracting and pulling on bones or other structures.
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