Physiology and Body Composition

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Questions and Answers

Which factor in the internal environment is NOT typically maintained for homeostasis?

Body temperature at 37 ◦C

pH levels around 7.4

Height of the organism (correct)

Blood volume of 5 L

Which system primarily regulates cellular functions through hormones?

Circulatory system

Respiratory system

Nervous system

Endocrine system (correct)

What is a primary advantage of maintaining homeostasis in organisms?

Limits physical movement

Enhances aesthetic appeal

Increased chances of survival (correct)

Reduces metabolic rates

What role do the kidneys play in homeostasis?

Removing wastes and excess water Signup and view all the answers

Which system is involved in controlling movement through impulse transmission?

Nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically maintained within the internal environment for homeostasis?

Body weight range Signup and view all the answers

The continuous movement of blood within which system aids in maintaining homeostasis?

Circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a function of the skin in relation to homeostasis?

Serves as a protective barrier Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of an adult male's body weight is made up of water?

60% Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid compartment contains the majority of total body water?

Intra-cellular fluid (ICF) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect total body water?

Height Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of physiology?

The study of normal body functions Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of body weight in an adult male is attributed to proteins?

18% Signup and view all the answers

Which factor results in lower total body water content in females compared to males?

Higher fat percentage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the cell in physiology?

The smallest unit capable of independent function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors must be homeostatically maintained in the internal environment of the body?

Temperature, pH, and glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cation found in extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Na+ Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the composition of intracellular fluid (ICF) is true?

ICF contains large quantities of K+. Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs when water loss exceeds water gain?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the anions present in extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Chloride is the main anion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of water loss under normal body conditions?

Insensible water loss Signup and view all the answers

How is overhydration defined?

Water gain exceeds water loss. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes homeostasis?

The process maintaining constant internal conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage distribution of interstitial fluid in the body's extracellular fluid?

3/4 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physiology

The study of the normal functions of a living organism.

Cell Physiology

The cell is the basic unit of both structure and function.
The smallest structure of living matter, capable of functioning as an independent unit.

Body Composition

In an adult male weighing 70 kg:
- 18% is proteins
- 15% is fats
- 7% is minerals
- 60% is water

Factors Affecting Total Body Water

Physiological factors:
- Amount of fat: water content decreases with obesity.
- Sex: females have lower water content than males.
- Age: total body water decreases with age.

Distribution of Body Water

Total Body Water (TBW): divided into two compartments:
- Intracellular Fluid (ICF): 2/3 of TBW, water inside cells.
- Extracellular Fluid (ECF): 1/3 of TBW, water outside cells.
  - Interstitial Fluid (ISF): 3/4 of ECF, fluid between cells.
  - Plasma: 1/4 of ECF, fluid component of blood.

Composition of Body Fluids

ECF: high Na+ and low K+, main cation is Na+. Also, high Cl- & low phosphates and proteins.
ICF: high K+ and low Na+, main cation is K+. Also, high phosphates and proteins & low Cl-.

Water Balance

Water gain:
- Drinking: 1300 ml.
- Water in food: 800 ml.
- Metabolic water: 400 ml.
Water loss:
- Urine: 1500 ml.
- Insensible loss (skin and respiratory): 900 ml.
- Stool: 100 ml.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable and constant conditions in the internal environment of the body.
Essential for normal cell function.
The ECF is considered the internal environment.

Advantages of Homeostasis

Increased chances of survival.
Allows freedom to live in a variety of conditions.
Permits proper functioning of the brain.

Factors Homeostatically Maintained

pH: 7.4
Blood volume: 5 L
Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg
Temperature: 37°C

Body Systems and Homeostasis

Circulatory system: continuous movement of blood.
Respiratory system: gas exchange (picks up oxygen, releases carbon dioxide).
Musculoskeletal system: movement for obtaining food and protection.
Nervous system: control of movement through nerve impulses.
Endocrine system: regulation of cellular functions through hormones.
Digestive system: absorption of nutrients.
Kidneys and urinary system: waste removal and water balance.
Immune system: defense against foreign invaders.
Skin: outer protective barrier.
Reproductive system: continuity of species.
The nervous and endocrine systems are the two major regulatory systems.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of physiology, focusing on cell physiology and the composition of the human body. It covers the distribution of body water, factors affecting total body water, and the percentage breakdown of body components in an adult male. Test your knowledge on these essential aspects of human biology.